Introduction Fair trade is an organised social movement which is based on partnership between producers and consumers‚ with the aim of providing secure and sustainable livelihoods to suppliers‚ as well as fulfilling their potential. As an alternative approach to free trade which focus on establishing an unrestricted trading relationship‚ the core goal of fair trade is to aid marginalised producers‚ promote trading conditions and sustainability (Fairtrade International‚ 2011). The last decade has
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ACF 214 – Principles of Finance Weekly coverage: S. No. | Week | Coverage | 1 | Week 1-2 | Project Evaluation Criteria | 2 | Week 3 | EVA (Making Sure Managers Maximize NPV) | 3 | Week 4-6 | Risk‚ Return and the Cost of Capital | 4 | Week 7-9 | Corporate Financing and Capital Structure | 5 | Week 10 | Payout Policy | 6 | Week 11 | The Efficient Markets Hypothesis and Behavioural Finance | 7 | Week 12-15 | Introduction to Option Pricing Theory | Coverage: 1. Project Evaluation
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which would lose the profit of the deal. Although Pakistan alleged that the domestic currency is control by the local government‚ the historical event doesn’t’ support the allegation. Pakistan’s deteriorating trade gap in 1996 had caused a significant drop in foreign currency reserves. The trade gap not only hurt the Pakistani economy but also made IMF activate austerity program‚ which devalued Pakistan rupee by 7.86%. Beside the historical event showing that the local government has less power over
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Counter Trade Definition: Reciprocal trade in which goods or services are exchanged not for cash but for other goods or services. A large part of the internet commerce comprises of local and international counter-trade Countertrade means exchanging goods or services which are paid for‚ in whole or part‚ with other goods or services‚ rather than with money. A monetary valuation can however be used in counter trade for accounting purposes. In dealings between sovereign states‚ the term bilateral
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capital structure for a firm. The Optimal Capital structure is that Capital Structure at which the weighted Average cost of capital (Ko) is Minimum. It is that combination of Equity and Debt at which the total cost of capital is mini-mum. Trade-off theory argues that there ’s an optimal amount of debt of each firm. At this level of debt‚ firms can take the most advantage of debts. Debts can be tax shield so that they can save money for firms to reinvest in other projects so as to earn more
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UNIT – II Pre-shipment Finance – Categories of Pre-Shipment Finance – Facilities of Pre-shipment Credit - Pre-shipment Credit in Foreign Currency (PCFC) – Interest rate on Pre-shipment Credit‚ Post-shipment Credit Finance – Categories of Post-Shipment Credit in rupees – Post-Shipment Credit in Foreign Currency – Refinance of Pre-Shipment and Post-shipment Finance. Pre Shipment Finance The scheme is intended to make short-term working capital finance available to exporters at internationally
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com/2012/05/25/bloomberg-70-percent-of-jobs-created-in-singapore-went-to-foreigners-last-year/ 5) Mr Goh Chok Tong‚ (2009)‚ Retrieved July 2012‚ from http://www.smu.edu.sg/news_room/smu_in_the_news/2009/sources/SGPressCentre_20090626_1.pdf 6) Table 1: Ministry of Trade and Industry of Singapore (July 2012) Monetary Authority of Singapore (July 2012). Retrieved July 2012‚ from https://secure.mas.gov.sg/fid/ 8) Table 3: Monetary Authority of Singapore (December 2010)
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include bank loans‚ stock market and informal finance. This paper has analyzed the reasons why they face such constrains and also given suggestions to Chinese private enterprises so as to improve their access to external sources of financing. It is believed that it can be helpful to domestic private enterprises in China. II. External sources of financing for Chinese private enterprises mainly include bank loans‚ stock market and informal finance. Banks‚ especially state-owned banks‚ are the
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STUDENT #: 25177754508500 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR BUSINESS SCHOOL MID TERM EXAMINATION – SET ASEPTEMBER 2013 SEMESTER SUBJECT CODE : EBB 30603 SUBJECT TITLE : INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC TRADE FINANCING LEVEL : BACHELOR – IF 31 & IF 42 TIME / DURATION : 3 HOURS DATE : 21 OCT 2013 INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1. Please read the instructions given in the question paper CAREFULLY. 2. This question paper is printed on both sides
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introduction to raising finance When a company is growing rapidly‚ for example when contemplating investment in capital equipment or an acquisition‚ its current financial resources may be inadequate. Few growing companies are able to finance their expansion plans from cash flow alone. They will therefore need to consider raising finance from other external sources. In addition‚ managers who are looking to buy-in to a business ("management buy-in" or "MBI") or buy-out (management buy-out" or "MBO")
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