Q1‚ While pension funds hold bonds as their asset‚ they also have obligations as liability. Lower interest rate‚ namely a lower discount rate‚ on one hand‚ increases bonds’ return‚ on the other hand‚ it also increase pension funds’ liabilities‚ which is the discounted value of future obligations. Moreover‚ bonds in asset side are usually in shorter term than long-term liabilities‚ and therefore are less sensitive to interest rate change. As a result‚ the increase in liability exceeds the value increase
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A pension fund shall be a pool of assets‚ established under a contract and not having legal personality‚ owned jointly by several persons in a partial ownership and the ownership shares represented by units in the pension fund. Each unit shall represent the ownership of a proportional part of the assets held in the pension fund structure. The pension fund shall be managed by a management company according to a pension fund contract with the unit-holders‚ with the objective to increase the
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development of stock markets through a corporate governance channel‚ i.e. pension funds become large shareholders of publicly traded firms and therefore have the incentives to monitor managers and improve investor protections. This paper reviews the literature on the corporate governance channel associated with pension reforms in developing countries‚ and asks what we know and need to know about it. We know that pension funds are not yet large shareholders of publicly traded firms in developing countries
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| Qantas Airways | Growth Strategy Report | | | | Jin Ju ID: 213016540 Letter of Transmittal To Dr. Shrimal Perera: Department of Accounting and Finance‚ Room 3.43‚ Building H‚ Caulfield Campus‚ Monash University‚ 23th May‚ 2011. Dear Board of Directors: A copy of the Growth Strategy Report for Qantas Airways is attached. The report has evaluated Qantas Airways’ performance in past five years with a view to recommended a financially justified strategy for a strategic
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QUESTION 1: Image you were a director of MTSB in 2006‚ what would be the steps you would taken to fulfill your fiduciary duties as a director. The steps MTSB have taken to fulfill the fiduciary duties as a director according section 6 of Companies Act‚ fiduciary duties of a director. Step 1 : Understanding about duties of director To carry out your duties as a director well‚ it is necessary for you to be fully aware of the duties and responsibilities expected of directors. Directors are fiduciaries
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CHAPTER –VI MONETARY POLICY IN INDIA 268 CHAPTER –VI MONETARY POLICY IN INDIA This chapter deals with two sections such as ‗Instruments of Monetary Policy in India‘ and ‗Money‚ Prices and Output in India‘. The former examines the first objective of the study‚ i.e. to understand the changing role and importance of monetary tools in India and the latter deals with the second and third objectives of the research work. Our second objective is to find out how much monetary policy ensures
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Fiscal and Monetary Policies Charles T. Sheridan Student ID: 4290575 ECON 102 American Military University Dr. John Theodore Economies everywhere in the world have fluctuations‚ there Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is either growing (economic boom) or it is not producing enough and falls into a recession. In a recession‚ an economy’s GDP suffers two consecutive quarters of negative growth. Personal consumption‚ government spending and the amount a country imports and exports measure GDP
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Monetary Policy Paper "Monetary Policy is the most significant function of the Fed; it is probably the most-used policy in macroeconomics" (Colander‚ 2004‚ p. 661). This paper will discuss and elaborate on "The Monetary Policy Report" submitted to the Congress on February 11‚ 2003 and concepts of Macroeconomics by David Colander. The state of the economy‚ concerns of the Federal Reserve‚ and the stated direction of recent monetary policy will also be discussed. "Monetary policy is a policy of
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THE CHANNELS OF MONETARY TRANSMISSION The monetary transmission mechanism is the channels through which the monetary target works and it describes the mechanisms through which the monetary policy actions of the central bank impact on the ultimate objective of inflation and output. Miskhin (1995) usefully describes the various channels through which monetary policy action as summarized by changes in either the nominal money stock or the short term nominal interest rate‚ impact real variables such
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areas of Kenya. Acumen’s core goal is to invest in ventures that make an impact in the Base of Pyramid sector and that show potential to scale while bringing in a return on investment for Acumen. Ecotact ranks high in its commitment to the Acumen Fund mission because it focuses on providing a solution for the sanitary need in the Base of Pyramid space within Kenya. Furthermore‚ Ecotact shows significant potential to scale by adopting the franchise model. According to the assumptions given in the
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