1.1 Studying the Structure of Cells In 1665‚ English scientist Robert Hooke became the first person to study cells Cell Structure Nucleolus: Makes Ribosomes‚ which help to make proteins Nuclear Membrane: Protects the contents of the nucleus Nuclear Pores: Allow materials‚ such as ribosomes‚ in and out of the nucleus |Light Microscope |Electron Microscope | |Uses light source |Beams of electrons
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ANATOMY Anatomy‚ Physiology‚ & Pathophysiology Roots‚ Prefixes‚ and Suffixes 1. a- without or absence of: (asepsis‚ avascular tissue) 2. ab- away from: (abduction) 3. acro- top or end: (acromion process) 4. ad- to or towards: (adduction‚ adductor muscle) 5. aesth – feeling: anesthesia) 6. –algia pain: (neuralgia) 7. ambi- both: (ambidexterous) 8. amubl- walk: (ambulatory) 9. an- without: (anaerobic respiration) 10. ante- before‚ in front of: (antecerebellar)
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Biology – living organisms Scientific Method – making observations‚ proposing ideas about how something works‚ testing ideas‚ discarding or modifying -allows us to solve problems and answer questions efficiently and effectively. -Ideas about “how things work” = hypothesis. -proposed explanation for one or more observations -scientific hypothesis MUST be testable -must be falsifiable (observations could prove false) Observations Question Hypothesis = imagination‚ intuition‚ chance
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structure of DNA and protein found in cells - Chromatids : Is one of the two copies of DNA making up a duplicated chromosome‚ which are joined at their centromeres‚ for the process of cell division Stages of Mitosis + Cell Division 1st : INTERPHASE - Chromosomes are copies (# doubles) - Chromosomes appear as threadlike coils (chromatin) at the start‚ but each chromosome and it’s copy (sister chromosome) change to sister chromatids at end of this phase 2nd : PROPHASE - Mitosis begins
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Chapter 1: Intro Independent Variable - variable you deliberately change during an experiment Theory - explanation based on a large number of experiments Hypothesis - educated prediction of cause and effect - what you test in an experiment Control - a zero or set form of the independent variable Dependent - variable you measure because you think it could change 7 characteristics: order‚ regulation‚ growth and development‚ energy processing‚ response to the environment‚ reproduction‚ evolutionary
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The Four Main Macromolecules Interestingly enough‚ all cells that build up an entire organism‚ such as the human body‚ only consist of water‚ inorganic ions‚ and organic compounds as three dominant components. Together‚ water and inorganic ions such as Sodium‚ Magnesium‚ Calcium‚ Phosphate‚ etc. make up around 70% of the cell’s mass‚ while organic compounds make up the rest. Unlike its other two counterparts‚ organic compounds contain carbon-hydrogen reactions that allow them to create‚ sustain‚
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What is Biological Psychology? It is the study of the physiological‚ evolutionary‚ and developmental mechanisms of behavior and experience. It is synonymous with the terms biopsychology‚ physiological‚ and behavioral neuroscience. Much of biological psychology is devoted to studying brain functioning. Physiology is the study of body processes- the dynamic of tissue and organ system of the body. It is the study of the physiological basis of human and animal behavior. Areas of Biological
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Name and describe the three main parts of a cell. plasma membrane-forms a cell’s flexible outer surface‚ separating the cell’s internal environment (inside the cell) from its external environment (outside the cell) cytoplasm- consists of all the cellular contents between the plasma membrane and the nucleus. nucleus- is the largest organelle of a cell. The nucleus acts as the control center for a cell because it contains the genes‚ which control cellular structure and most cellular activities
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Biology‚ 7e (Campbell) Chapter 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles Chapter Questions 1) What is a genome? A) the complete complement of an organism’s genes B) a specific sequence of polypeptides within each cell C) a specialized polymer of four different kinds of monomers D) a specific segment of DNA that is found within a prokaryotic chromosome E) an ordered display of chromosomes arranged from largest to smallest Topic: Concept 13.1 Skill: Knowledge 2) Which of the following
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DNA Extraction Lab Problem Statement: Do you think you have ever eaten DNA? Background Information: DNA is too small to see under a regular microscope‚ so how can it be studied? DNA is a large molecule found in all living things; therefore it is possible to extract it from cells or tissues. All we need to do is disrupt the cell’s plasma membrane and nuclear envelope‚ make the DNA clump together and - voila! - DNA extraction is possible. DNA extractions from onion‚ bananas‚ liver‚ or wheat
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