CHAPTER II Theoretical Framework This chapter presents the relevant theory‚ related literature‚ related studies‚ conceptual framework‚ hypothesis and definition of terms used in the study. Relevant Theory ------------------------------------------------- Behaviorism Behaviorism as a theory was primarily developed by B. F. Skinner. It loosely encompasses the work of people like Edward Thorndike‚ Tolman‚ Guthrie‚ and Hull. What characterizes these investigators are their underlying assumptions
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What does it mean to be an effective teacher? Introduction There are many factors that contribute to what it means to be an effective teacher. They could be someone who has a deep understanding of what they are teaching and skills to create an ideal environment to encourage positive learning outcomes for students regardless of their background or ability (Victorian Department of Education & Training‚ 2005). They will have the ability to develop a variety of strategies and practices to support
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Many scholars who have studied the India-Pakistan conflict have depicted historical evidence about India-Pakistan relations. In particular‚ some research studies have focused on the development of Indian and Pakistani’s identity (Veer‚ 1987‚ 1994‚ 2004; Sheth‚ 2013;Robb‚ 1991). The book Ethnic Conflict & Civic Life‚ edited by Ashutosh Varshney (2002)‚ described the ethnic conflict between Hindus and Muslims through a perspective of social structure‚ highlighting the role of government. Furthermore
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”Positionality and how this may impact on any research you undertake” ABSTRACT The following essay discuss the concept of positionality and how this may impact on any research one undertake. I have try to discuss all different concepts of Positionality and critically review…as I have try to explain that how they all are interrelated to each other and how can we apply all theories as a whole . How each standard theory contradict the other and made the study very complex one. The essay discusses
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Chapter 2 Literature Review 2.1 A General Review on Leaner Autonomy 2.1.1.Definitions of Leaner Autonomy 2.1.2 Theoretical Background of Autonomous Learning 2.1.2.1Constructivism 2.1.2.2 Humanism 2.1.3 Teachers’ Role in Autonomous Learning 2.2 Input Theory 2.2.1 Krashen’s theory of language acquisition 2.2.2 Input hypothesis in second language aquisition 2.2.3 The language input in autonomous learning 2.3 Web-Based Language Teaching and Learning 2.3.1The development
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the environment‚ and deciding which action might be appropriate. It is associated with acquiring knowledge and it involves attention‚ learning‚ memory‚ perception‚ language‚ problem solving‚ reasoning‚ and thinking. The critique looked at is Constructivism‚ the stages of development‚ including their strengths and weaknesses‚ and other perspectives on cognitive development. Jean Piaget was a philosopher from Switzerland. He was also a natural scientist that was famous for the work that he did
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as paintings‚ sculptures‚ portraits‚ photographs‚ novels‚ movies‚ etc. Among others; Constructivism which was the inspiration for the ideas of well advanced Russian artists‚ the making of a new world in Art and Architecture including artists that were affected and involved by modern warfare‚ as well as how Film and Finance was affected. Borrowing ideas from Cubism‚ Suprematism‚ and Futurism came Constructivism which was entirely a new approach to making objects that required to eradicate the traditional
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with the interaction between nation-states as well as intergovernmental and transnational organizations. Political science is methodologically diverse and appropriates many methods originating in social research. Approaches include positivism‚ interpretivism‚ rational choice theory‚ behavioralism‚ structuralism‚ post-structuralism‚ realism‚ institutionalism‚ and pluralism. Political science‚ as one of the social
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1-3). The understanding of the abovementioned nuclear developments in Iran shift when integrating different lenses of international theories. This paper will demonstrate this manifestation with respect to the philosophy of classical realism and constructivism‚ such that‚ how realist models focus on power and security within the international system and constructivist models highlights questions of identity and its perception (Sherrill‚ 2012‚ p. 1). To stipulate further‚ through a realist perspective
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Using the Piagetian perspective‚ constructivism is applied (Ensar‚ 2014). Educational constructivism begins with the work of Giambattista Vico (Ensar‚ 2014). Ensar defines constructivism in four principles (2014). These principles are “prior knowledge‚” accommodation and assimilation‚ learning has an organic invention‚ and “meaningful learning occurs through
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