Tracking lexical change in present-day English Raymond Hickey Essen University 1 Introduction For several centuries English has been well known for its many cases of conversion‚ for instance it is used very frequently by Shakespeare‚ almost as a stylistic device of his. And to this day it has remained a prominent feature of the language. The standard definition of conversion (Bauer 1988: 90-2; Spencer 1991: 20) is a change in word-class without any alteration
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Chapter 2 Thank You‚ Ma’m L a n g s to n H u g h e s A P re - R e a d i n g 1. Think Before You Read Read the first paragraph of the story once and think of it as describing the opening scene of a play. Then answer the following questions: 1. Who are the characters in this scene? 2. What is happening? 3. Where and when is the action taking place? 4. Why does the action take place? 5. Do you think a chance encounter between people can sometimes change their lives? Think about
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Literary Movement Romanticism – (1800-1840) - Romanticism was a literary and artistic movement of the nineteenth century that arose in reaction against eighteenth-century Neoclassicism and placed a premium on fancy‚ imagination‚ emotion‚ nature‚ individuality‚ and exotica. Transcendentalism – (1840-1855) -Transcendentalism was an American literary and philosophical movement of the nineteenth century. The Transcendentalists‚ who were based in New England‚ believed that intuition and the individual
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in relation to his natural child or children.- (expressing the conditional mood) Indicating the consequence of an imagined event or situation – Raise to a higher position or level- Used by a speaker to refer to himself or herself as the object of a verb or preposition- Of great vertical extent) And dance with my mother and me and then (Used to connect words of the same part of speech‚ clauses‚ or sentences that are to be taken jointly- A series of movements that match the speed and rhythm of a
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Coherence IN GRAMMAR CM 102 What is coherence in grammar ? Coherence means linking‚ connecting or unifying sentences. How do we make our writing coherent ? Transition signals or Connectives are words that keep the thought of the discourse flowing smoothly from sentence to sentence. They may be adjectives‚ adverbs‚ or simply group of words that signal a shift‚ continuation‚ addition‚ contrast of ideas or sequence of time or steps. 1. Meanwhile in Japan‚ their capital city
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newly diagnose of asthma what they know about it. Behavior (observable action verb): Choose an action verb that best describes the type of behavior that the patient needs to perform after the teaching. These might include “list‚” “explain‚” or “identify. The action verb is the most important component of the learning objective because it indicates what will be accomplished through the teaching session. Try to avoid verbs such as “understand‚” “know‚” or “increase awareness of‚” as these are not easily
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Consistent Use of Tenses • A verb in an adverbial clause generally agrees with the tense of the verb in the main clause. • Avoid unnecessary shifting from first person to third person or vice versa Consistent use of Number • Shifting persons of pronouns will destroy unity. The pronouns must agree with their antecedents Consistent Use of Persons of pronouns • Do not shift subject in a sentence. Consistent Use of Subject • Voice is the aspect of a verb that tellswhether the subjectperforms
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Formulae: subject + auxiliary verb(be)+ main verb (base + ing) *auxiliary is a helping verb like do or does Page 5 WHEN DO WE USE PRESENT SIMPLE CONTINUOUS TENSE? We use the present simple continuous tense when: * action happening now * action in the future Note: * We can also use the present continuous tense to talk about the future - if we add a future word * We must add (or understand from the context) a future word. * "Future words"
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Latin – Grammar The Genitive Case The genitive case is most often used to give possession‚ i.e. ‘of’. For example‚ ‘portus Alexandriae’ means ‘the port of Alexandria”. Portus = nominative singular‚ Alexandriae = genitive singular. However‚ the genitive case is also used in two other ways: the partitive genitive and the genitive of description. The Partitive Genitive This is used to show a part of a whole‚ mostly used in relation to quantity. Nominative(but the case changes) | + Genitive |
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aghast‚ with mouths open‚ looking at the painting in wonder. 2. Bilk Definition: to defraud; cheat: VERB. Synonyms: bamboozle*‚ beat‚ circumvent‚ con‚ deceive‚ defraud‚ disappoint‚ do*‚ fleece*‚ flimflam*‚ foil‚ frustrate‚ gyp*‚ overreach‚ rook*‚ ruin‚ swindle‚ thwart‚ trick Antonyms: give‚ give away Companion Forms: Bilked-transitive verb‚ bilk•ing-transitive verb‚ bilks-transitive verb‚ bilker-noun Sentences: 1. The man bilked his way to the top‚ cheating and betraying his friends. 2. The
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