Synthesis of Butyl Benzoate Using Phase Transfer Catalysis The objective of the experiment is to synthesize the butly benzoate by nucleophilic substitution and characterize it by IR spectroscopy. The percent yield of the final product is determined after the synthesis. Procedures: 2.0 mL of 1-bromobutane‚ 3.0 g of sodium benzoate‚ 5.0 mL of water‚ 4 drops of Aliquat 336‚ and a boiling stone were placed in a 50mL round-bottomed flask. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 1 hour and the flask
Premium Sodium Chemistry Chemical reaction
CHM 3411 – Problem Set 6 Due date: Wednesday‚ March 23rd. Do all of the following problems. Show your work. 1) Consider the cyclic molecule C8H8‚ the eight carbon analogue to benzene. a) Write the secular detrerminant corresponding to the pi-bonding in C8H8. b) Using the secular determinant‚ the following energies are found for the pi-bonding molecular orbitals: 1 = + 2 2 = + 1.41 (two states) 3 = (two states) 4 = - 1.41 (two states) 5 = - 2 Give the electron
Premium Electron Electron configuration Chemical bond
Introduction: During this laboratory exercise will identify by the graph given which is isotonic‚ hypotonic‚ or hypertonic. The kidneys are a pair of fist-sized organs located outside the peritoneal cavity on each side of the spine. The kidney is a highly specialized organ that maintains the internal environment of the body by selectively excreting or retaining various substances according to specific body needs. The process of urine formation and adjustment of blood composition involves three
Premium Renal physiology Kidney Hypothalamus
Questions and Hypothesis: Seed germination‚ plant growth‚ and sprouting of leaves are affected by several factors: supply of nutrients‚ water‚ exposure to sunlight‚ and conditions of surroundings. Due to certain stimuli in the surroundings plant “hormones” cause plants to behave in ways that ensure the most efficient use of resources while preserving the most energy. One stimulus to consider‚ is the exposure of plants to sunlight; when plants are just sprouting and are underground‚ the sti
Premium Week-day names
Instructor Biology 1111 4-5 Lab Topic 4: Microscopy Elodea Cells at ___X Elodea Cells at ___X Report Sheet—Lab Topic 4 1. Draw and label each of the organisms available. Cheek Cells at ___X Cheek Cells at ___X Name _______________________________ Date_____________ Instructor ___________________________ Section___________ _________________________ 4-6 Lab Topic 4: Microscopy 2. Fill in the following table: Compound Microscope Dissecting Microscope Types of Light Available Powers
Free Cell Microscope Cell wall
Enzymes Lab Report Inroduction In this lab we explore an enzymes activity and how it can be affected by changes to its environment. An enzyme is a protein and is a catalyst to chemical reactions. It helps accelerate reactions by lowering the activation energy‚ which is needed for reactions in cells to progress at a higher rate. Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction to occur‚ yielding products from a given set of reactants. (Unit 7: Enzymes lab) Products
Premium Enzyme
Planarian Lab Report Hanna Klein Bishop Fenwick High School Planarian Lab Report Introduction Planarian worms are free-living flatworms that are not parasitic. Planarians have a three-cavity digestive system. Planarians are usually either carnivorous or scavengers. Planarians may eat other living‚ as well as dead‚ invertebrates‚ detritus or decaying organic matter. Planarians do not realize that are eating a lot‚ and can over eat resulting in death. Most planarians are freshwater forms that can
Premium Flatworm Digestion Petri dish
Goldfish ABSTRACT The abstract is a condensed version of the entire lab report (approximately 250 words). A reader uses the abstract to quickly understand the purpose‚ methods‚ results and significance of your research without reading the entire paper. Abstracts or papers published in scholarly journals are useful to you when you are conducting library research‚ because you can quickly determine whether the research report will be relevant to your topic. The material in the abstract is written
Premium Typography Requirement Writing
Tori Suchy Physical Science Honors 1st block October 4‚ 2012 Balloon Powered Car Problem: In order to create a race car that can travel a minimum of eight meters powered by a nine inch balloon. We need incorporate Newton ’s Law of Motion including speed‚ velocity‚ and acceleration. Hypothesis: If a car were to be made out of homemade materials‚ then it would be possible for it to travel 8 meters powered by a nine inch balloon. Independent Variable: building the car from homemade materials
Free Newton's laws of motion Force Classical mechanics
Meal Worm Cellular Respiration Experiment Introduction Cellular respiration provides energy to all living organisms by collecting energy from food molecules. The cell then rearranges complex molecules to simpler molecules and uses that energy to make a molecule that stores energy called adenosine triphosphate also known as ATP. Cellular respiration can occur with or without oxygen. When it occurs without oxygen‚ it is called anaerobic respiration. There are very few organisms that can get
Premium Metabolism Cellular respiration Adenosine triphosphate