Chemical equilibrium is a state of balance within a system of chemical reactions. Equilibrium in chemistry is achieved when substances are produced and broken down at the same rate and thus‚ the number of molecules of each substances becomes constant. Thermodynamics is a branch of physical science that involves the relationship between heat and other forms of energy (Energy‚ Enthalpy‚ and the First Law of Thermodynamics). There is a more specific area of thermodynamics that explicitly pertains to
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Name Date Class CHAPTER 18 REVIEW Chemical Equilibrium SECTION 18-1 SHORT ANSWER 1. Answer the following questions in the space provided. Silver chromate dissolves in water according to the following equation: → 2Agϩ(aq) ϩ CrO42Ϫ(aq) Ag2CrO4(s) ← Which of these correctly represents the equilibrium expression for the above equation? 2[Agϩ] ϩ [CrO 42Ϫ] [Agϩ]2[CrO42Ϫ] [Ag2CrO4] (a) ᎏᎏ (b) ᎏ ᎏ (c) ᎏ ᎏ 1 Ag2CrO4 [Agϩ]2[CrO42Ϫ] [Agϩ]2[CrO42Ϫ] (d) ᎏᎏ 2[Ag2CrO4]
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Chemical Equilibrium Lab Report Aim: The aim of the lab “Chemical Equilibrium” is to observe the effects of changes in concentrations of products and reactants on the position of the equilibrium of given chemical reactions. Background Information: We are going to use our knowledge of the Le Chatelier’s principle in order to observe this experiment. The principle states that the equilibrium will shift in the direction that will minimize the effects of the change. This lab consists of two
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Notes 12.1 The N2O4-NO2 Equilibrium System When you put a sample of N2O4‚ a colorless gas‚ in a closed container at 100C a reddish-brown color starts to show. This is due to NO2 formed by the decomp. of part of the original substance. The forward and reverse reactions are taking place at the same rate. The concentrations of species present remain constant with time. These concentrations are independent of the direction from which equilibrium is approached. The equilibrium constant K is where the
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concerning equilibrium is not true? A) A system that is disturbed from an equilibrium condition responds in a manner to restore equilibrium. B) Equilibrium in molecular systems is dynamic‚ with two opposing processes balancing one another. C) The value of the equilibrium constant for a given reaction mixture is the same regardless of the direction from which equilibrium is attained. D) A system moves spontaneously toward a state of equilibrium. E) The equilibrium constant
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equations) Oxidation‚ reduction‚ reducing and oxidizing agent. Chapter 14 Dynamic Equilibrium and equilibrium constant‚ expressing Equilibrium constant for chemical reactions Large and Small equilibrium constant Relationship between Kc and Kp Heterogeneous equilibria and Kc or Kp expressions for heterogeneous reactions. Reaction quotient Problems: Finding equilibrium constant if concentrations are known‚ finding equilibrium concentrations if constant is known (ICE table)‚ approximation in solution if
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of dissolved ions and undissolved ions of a precipitate at equilibrium. This can also be expressed using the rate law equation. For example ‚ the solubility product of calcium hydroxide can be written as‚ Ksp = [Ca2+] [OH-]2 (1) This chemical system is in a dynamic equilibrium between solute and solvent particles in a saturated solution
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The equilibrium law DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM forward A +8 reaction ""r=====~’~ reverse reaction Most chemical reactions do not go to completion. Once some products are formed the reverse reaction can take place to reform the reactants. In a closed system the concentrations of all the reactants and products will eventually become constant. Such a system is said to be in a state of dynamic equilibrium. The forward and reverse reactions continue to occur‚ but at equilibrium the
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Position of Equilibrium * There are many equilibrium mixtures possible for a given chemical reaction‚ depending on the concentrations of solutions‚ the pressure of gases and the temperature of the reaction. * The term position of equilibrium can be used to describe a particular set of equilibrium concentrations for a reaction. * If either the temperature‚ pressure or concentration of one of the substances changes‚ then the concentrations of all the substances will change until a new
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Chp. 15 Chemical equilibrium: Occurs when a reaction and its reverse reaction (opposing reactions) proceed at the same rate At equilibrium the rate at which products are produced from reactants equals the rate at which reactants are produced from products At equilibrium a particular ratio of concentration terms equals a constant The composition of an equilibrium mixture does not change with time Kc: equilibrium constant 15.2 Law of mass action: expresses the relationship between
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