CARBOXYLIC ACID Introduction: Organic compounds containing (–C(O)–OH) as a functional group are called carboxylic acids. The –C (O)-OH group which itself is made up of a carbonyl group (>C=O) and a hydroxyl group (-OH) is called a carboxyl group (carb from carbonyl and oxyl from hydroxyl group). Carboxylic acid may be an aliphatic or an aromatic depending upon whether –C–OH is attached to an alkyl group ( or a hydrogen atom) or an aryl group. Their general formulas are; ALIPHATIC CARBOXYLIC ACID: R–C
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effect of citric and buffered lactic acids on the flavour of hard-boiled sweets and the effect of acids on various flavours in high temperature applications. Introduction Materials and Methods An amount of water‚ sugar and glucose syrup of 30g‚ 100g and 70g were weighed respectively into a stainless steel pot. The mixture was then heated and removed immediately from the induction cooker after reaching the desired temperature of 145˚C. Flavours of 0.51g and acid of 1.20g was added immediately afterwards
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used (ml) | 30.6 | 30.2 | 30.0 | | | | | Acid to Base Ratio | 0.87 | 0.86 | 0.86 | Average acid/base ratio | 0.86 | | | | | Base to Acid Ratio | 1.14 | 1.16 | 1.17 | Average base/acid Ratio | 1.16 | Name: Jared Philip Condez Date Performed: June 28‚ July 2 & 5‚ 2013 Partner: Shiela Mae Molina Date Submitted: July 12‚ 2013 Experiment 3 ACID – BASE TITRATION I. Objectives * Determine the purity of Potassium Acid Phthalate * To titrate effectively
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Acid rain is considered precipitation in the form of rain‚ snow‚ or fog. It is not regular precipitation. It is precipitation that is polluted by acid. Emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide into the atmosphere cause this precipitation to become acidic. These emissions are released into the atmosphere by human activity‚ such as automobiles‚ industries‚ and electrical power plants that burn fossil fuels like coal and oil. When these gases are released‚ they mix with water vapor in the clouds
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A carboxylic acid is an organic acid characterized by the presence of at least one carboxyl group. The general formula of a carboxylic acid is R-COOH‚ where R is some monovalent functional group. A carboxyl group (or carboxy) is a functional group consisting of a carbonyl (RR’C=O) and a hydroxyl (R-O-H)‚ which has the formula -C(=O)OH‚ usually written as -COOH or -CO2H. Carboxylic acids are Brønsted-Lowry acids because they are proton (H+) donors. They are the most common type of organic acid. Among
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Chapter 4: Nucleic Acids and the RNA World 1. 4.1 – What is a Nucleic Acid? * Nucleic acids are made up of monomers called nucleotides * Three components of a nucleotide: 1. Phosphate group—attached to the 5’ carbon 2. Sugar – carbonyl group and several hydroxyl groups 3. Nitrogenous base * The prime (‘) symbols indicate the carbon being is part of the sugar—not attached to the nitrogenous base. * Four different nucleotides‚ each of which contains a different nitrogenous
Free DNA RNA
strong acid with a strong base and of a weak acid with a strong base‚ and find Ka of the weak acid. Procedure: Part I 1. Pour 30 ml of the HCl solution of unknown concentration in a 100 ml beaker. 2. Add a stirring magnet. 3. Place the beaker on the magnetic heater and activate the rotating motor but not the heater. 4. Insert the probes of the calibrated pH-probe in the beaker and record the pH. 5. Position a burette over the beaker and fill it up with the NaOH solution of unknown concentration. 6.
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http://www.nsls.bnl.gov/about/everyday/corrosion.asp This source discusses how the corrosion known as rust (or iron oxide) forms: • Howstuffworks.com. (2009). How does rust work? Retrieved April 3‚ 2009‚ from http://www.howstuffworks.com/question445.htm These sources describe what acid rain is: • Buchdahl‚ J. (2003). Acid rain. Retrieved April 3‚ 2009‚ from http://www.ace.mmu.ac.uk/kids/acidrain.html • Acid Rain Students Site. (n.d.). Retrieved April 3‚ 2009‚ from http://www.epa.gov/acidrain/education/site_students/index
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Common Aspects of Acid Prehydrolysis and Steam Explosion for Pretreating Wood Hans E. Grethlein Michigan Biotechnology Institute‚ PO Box 27609‚ Lansing‚ Michigan 48909‚ USA & Alvin O. Converse Thayer School of Engineering‚ Dartmouth College‚ Hanover‚ New Hampshire 03755‚ USA Abstract The initial rate of hydrolysis using cellulase from Trichoderma reesei for various wood samples is directly proportional to the surface area available to the enzyme. Both dilute acid hydrolysis in a continuous
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Lauric Acid Lauric acid‚ also known as Dodecanoic Acid‚ was discovered in 1849 by Marrsson T. It was first discovered in Lauraceae seeds‚ but it is also commonly found in soaps‚ vegetable oil‚ coconut oil‚ and breast milk. Lauric Acid is a clear‚ solid compound that is insoluble in water. It also comes in the form of a white powdery substance. The chemical formula is C12H24O2. It has a molecular weight of 200.32 g/mol. Lauric Acid also has a melting point of 44 C and a boiling point of 289.9
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