help management must decide on the form of the dividend distribution‚ generally as cash dividends or via a share buyback. Various factors may be taken into consideration: where shareholders must pay tax on dividends‚ firms may elect to retain earnings or to perform a stock buyback‚ in both cases increasing the value of shares outstanding. Alternatively‚ some companies will pay "dividends" from stock rather than in cash. The purpose of an optimal dividend policy should be to maximize shareholders’
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eurojournals.com Dividend Policy: A Review of Theories and Empirical Evidence Husam-Aldin Nizar Al-Malkawi Corresponding Author‚ Faculty of Business‚ ALHOSN University P.O. Box 38772 - Abu Dhabi‚ UAE E-mail: h.almalkawi@alhosnu.ae Michael Rafferty Senior Research Analyst‚ WRC‚ University of Sydney‚ Australia E-mail: m.rafferty@econ.usyd.edu.au Rekha Pillai Faculty of Business‚ ALHOSN University‚ Abu Dhabi‚ UAE E-mail: r.pillai@alhosnu.ae Abstract The literature on dividend policy has produced
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(1800 words) for both tow questions. Question No. 1 How are the management four functions interrelated? The total work of management is often divided in four broad functions. These are: 1. Planning and/or decision making 2. Organizing‚ including staffing 3. Motivating/leading 4. Controlling Although all these function are very distinct but they are in the same time is closely related or interrelated. These function are generally carried out in these sequence of steps presented above. At
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Dividend Policy: Clientele Effects and Signalling Model Literature Review Sharon Theresia 17132233 Corporate Finance 307 Singapore Campus Abstract Two of the most influential dividend policies are being reviewed and compared. in this paper‚ clientele effects and signalling model are two chosen policies. Findings implied that clientele is shaped by tax preferences of shareholders which in the end will determine companies’ ideal dividend policies. It is also believed that amount of paid dividend
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Dividend Policy Factors Affecting Dividend Policy: 1. External Factors 2. Internal Factors External Factors Affecting Dividend Policy 1. General State of Economy: * In case of uncertain economic and business conditions‚ the management may like to retain whole or large part of earnings to build up reserves to absorb future shocks. * In the period of depression the management may also retain a large part of its earnings to preserve the firm’s liquidity position. * In periods of
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Forms of payment Cash dividends (most common) are those paid out in currency‚ usually via electronic funds transfer or a printed paper check. Such dividends are a form of investment income and are usually taxable to the recipient in the year they are paid. This is the most common method of sharing corporate profits with the shareholders of the company. For each share owned‚ a declared amount of money is distributed. Thus‚ if a person owns 100 shares and the cash dividend is USD $0.50 per share‚
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Stock dividend * Definition: * A corporate distribution to shareholders declared out of profits‚ at the discretion of the directors of the corporation‚ which is paid in the form of shares of stock‚ as opposed to money‚ and increases the number of shares. * A dividend paid as additional shares of stock rather than as cash. If dividends paid are in the form of cash‚ those dividends are taxable. When a company issues a stock dividend‚ rather than cash‚ there usually are not tax consequences
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Constructive Dividends In Ltr. Rul 20028806‚ the shareholders of a corporation owned‚ managed‚ and operated country club were given discounts for the use of the club’s facilities. The club was located in a community where both non shareholders and shareholders resided. Shareholders received discounts on membership dues as well as other incentives inside the club. Taxpayer requested a letter ruling on whether or not the discounts received constitute as constructive dividends received. The IRS indeed
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University of Hong Kong Dividend Policy Bank distributed a $6.30 dividend per share in 2008. If you purchased shares in Hang Seng Bank at $87 per share‚ the company’s dividend yield was 7.2% ($6.30/$87) which is much higher than the bank deposit rate. Dividend payout ratio is another important indicator: Dividend payout ratio = Dividend per share ÷ Earnings per share Dividend policy is the policy used by a company to decide how much it will pay out to shareholders in dividends. In your financial
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Demographic Dividend By John Ross A fresh reason for attending to fertility dynamics has emerged—the “demographic dividend.” As fertility rates fall during the demographic transition‚ if countries act wisely before and during the transition‚ a special window opens up for faster economic growth and human development. WHAT IS THE DEMOGRAPHIC DIVIDEND? Simply stated‚ the demographic dividend occurs when a falling birth rate changes the age distribution‚1 so that fewer investments are needed to
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