EASTERN CARIBBEAN CENTRAL BANK GUIDELINES ON CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT FOR INSTITUTIONS LICENSED TO CONDUCT BANKING BUSINESS UNDER THE BANKING ACT Prepared by the BANK SUPERVISION DEPARTMENT May 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION I II III IV V OVERVIEW INTERPRETATION AUTHORITY APPLICATION COMMENCEMENT 1 2 3 3 3 4 10 12 14 15 CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME ADEQUATE CREDIT RISK CONTROLS ROLE OF BOARD OF DIRECTORS LOAN SYNDICATIONS OTHER REPORTING REQUIREMENTS INTRODUCTION I
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Initially‚ the VaR has been anticipating to quantify the available risks in derivatives markets‚ but it has grown widely and it has now been applied in measuring all kinds of risks‚ primarily credit and market risks. It also developed from a tool that quantifies risk to a tool that is applied in active risk management. Today VaR has shifted beyond application in financial institutions. In the beginning‚ companies with largely exposed to financial markets used other kinds of activities before spreading
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require a risk premium over bond yields to bear the additional risks of equity investments. While models such as the two-parameter capital asset pricing model (CAPM) or arbitrage pricing theory offer explicit methods for varying risk premia across securities‚ the models are invariably linked to some underlying market (or factor-specific) risk premium. Unfortunately‚ the theortical models provide limited practical advice on establishing empirical estimates of such a benchmark market risk premium. As
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Annual Report 2011 An overview Operating result (EBIT) Figures in EUR million 1‚142.5 1‚177.9 928.0 841.4 819.9 732.1 1‚200 800 600 538.8 470.9 1‚000 400 148.1 91.6 200 0 20021 20031 20041 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20102 Group net income (loss) 2011 Figures in EUR million 733.7 721.7 800 748.9 606.0 514.4 354.8 267.2 700 600 500 400 279.9 300 200 49.3 20021 20031 20041 2005 100 (127.0) 2006 2009 2007 2010 2011 0 2008 Policyholders’ surplus Figures
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“Global reach and local know how ’ investment banks and globalization.” “Investment banks are facing many challenges‚ not least the need to become global in scope and ambition‚ but local in understanding and execution”. (Comments on the article by Anshu Jain‚ head of Deutsche Bank’s Global Markets Division). In the article the main though is represented by a statement that: “We cannot easily talk about alternatives to globalisation in investment banking; only of the different strategies
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producing goods at home then shipping them to the receiving country for sale * Licensing: granting a foreign entity right to produce and sell the firm’s product in return for royalty fee on every unit sold Flip side of FDI: Horizontal direct investment: * FDI in the same industry abroad as company operates in at home. * Expensive‚ must bear costs of establishing production facilities in a foreign
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Large-scale investment inflow in the real sector of the economy is one of the defining conditions of forced industrial-innovative development of Kazakhstan. Given that currently the supply of domestic investors is not always able to meet the growing domestic demand for investment resources. Importance of foreign direct investment (FDI) takes place in this case. Decline in FDI flows is noticed in almost all groups of countries‚ but especially notable losses are in the advanced economies. According
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BACHELOR OF BUSINESS (ECONOMICS AND FINANCE) Law of Investment and Financial Markets LAW 2460 Group Report Issues Through an anonymous letter‚ Mandy was induced into attending a seminar held by Warren Hopkins. Mandy trusted the advices given by Warren and the professional investment managers and signed up for Investbank. However‚ months later she found out that the Investbank system was a scam. There are several issues to be addressed‚ mainly with regards to whether did Warren owe Mandy
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Apex find AccessLine to be an attractive investment? What are the risks? Basically‚ Apex was attracted by the new technology and the unique business model of AccessLine. And‚ it was at the early stage and was not invested heavily by other professional investors. The positive cash flow was an important factor that makes Apex felt confident. It means that the market actually existed and customers understand the concept of technology‚ reducing the entry risk. With the domain knowledge in telecommunication
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understanding the market’s competitive structure and predicting the most likely direction of any future change. The following segment explains the various dimensions of competition as they apply to the investment banking industry. Components of competition in services offered by investment banks In investment banking industry or more specifically in the corporate negotiated public underwriting market‚ firms perform several relatively distinct services: Origination: Originating and managing
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