halogen atom becomes a halide ion. | | | | Some typical nucleophiles are the hydroxy group (−OH)‚ the alkoxy group (RO−)‚ and the cyanide ion (−C N). Reaction of these nucleophiles with an alkyl halide (R—X) gives the following reactions and products: | | | | The halogen ion that is displaced from the carbon atom is called the leaving group‚ and the overall reaction is called a nucleophilic substitution reaction. Procedure: 1. Sodium Iodide in Acetone. Acetone‚ with
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throughout the procedure are outlined below: Mn2+ + 2OH– + 1/2 O2 oxygen-manganese complex + H2O (1) oxygen-manganese complex + 4H+ + 2I– I2 + Mn2+ + 2H2O (2) I2 + 2Na2S2O3 Na2S4O6 + 2NaI (3) Addition of the manganous sulfate and the alkaline-iodide results in the formation of an insoluble oxygen-manganese complex (1)‚ the precipitate in step 2. The oxygen is stable in this form for several days. Both the
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completely dry. Later the dried substance along with a colored solution ‚ the grey solid leftover‚ white product in H2O‚ standard zinc metal‚ standard iodine solid‚ standard zinc Iodide dissolved in water and standard zinc ion- Iodide ion- Iodine- Triiodide ion in H2O were tested for Iodine(I2)‚ Iodide‚ Triiodide‚ Zinc ion(Zn 2+) and Zinc metal. Then we dissolved some of the white substance with deionized water and made an electrolysis apparatus with a 9.38V battery. We then dried the rest of
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When ionic solids dissolve‚ they divide to give their positive and negative ions that make up the solids. These ions become hydrates and have the same relative proportions when in solution and when solid. The more the solid dissolves‚ the more the ion’s concentration increases. This increase and build-up allows for the reverse reaction to occur. In this phase of the reaction the ions crystallise out in order for the reaction to have a greater chance of occurring. Eventually the rate of
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References: Heitz.‚ M(2005) General Chemistry: An Integrated Approach‚ Chapter 16: More Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions: Slightly Soluble Salts and Complex Ions‚ 4th Edition‚ Prentice Hall‚ Inc.‚ State University of New York. pp. 715-718 Housecroft‚ C.E. & Constable‚ E.C. (2006)‚ Introduction to spectroscopy‚ in Chemistry‚ 3rd Edition‚ Pearson Education‚ England. pp. 951-970 Silberberg‚ M.S. (2006)‚ Chemistry:
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describe the sampling technique for the analysis of DO in water sample. In the Winkler method‚ or Iodometry‚ the dissolved oxygen is made to react with Iodide ion to yield Iodine which will be titrated afterwards with thiosulfate. Iodine is a moderately strong oxidizing agent making it useful for titrating strong reducing agents like dissolved oxygen. Iodide ion‚ on the other hand‚ is a weak reducing agent‚ and is the basis of determining the amount of the strong oxidizing agents like the oxygen in the sample
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iodometry‚ where iodine “is produced in-situ from the quantitative oxidation of iodide and then subsequently titrated with thiosulfate solution‚”2 being the difference from the former type of iodine titration. Iodometry is more widely used‚ as in this experiment‚ because there are only a few strong reducing agents; thus few iodometric determinations. (2) As mentioned earlier‚ iodometry involves the oxidation of iodide ion; it is added in excess to the oxidizing agent being determined. This would result
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potassium iodate in the presence of potassium iodide. Vitamin C‚ more properly called ascorbic acid‚ is an essential antioxidant needed by the human body (see additional notes). When iodate ions (IO3−) are added to an acidic solution containing iodide ions (I−)‚ an oxidation-reduction reaction occurs; - the iodate ions are reduced to form iodine Burette containing potassium iodate solution IO3− + 6 H+ + 5 e− → ½ I2 + 3 H2O - while the iodide ions are oxidised to form iodine. 2 I− → I2 + 2
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[ANS] The condition of part C is different from part B in which it’s in an alkaline medium in contrary to acidic medium in part B. The OH- will combine with Mn3+ to form insoluble Mn(OH)3 which unfavours this reaction. Part D: Vanadium Ion (hydrated) VO3- / VO2+ VO2+ V3+ V2+ Colour yellow blue green violet Oxidation State +5 +4 +3 +2 Test Observations Summary of reaction NH4VO3 + acid white solid dissolved to a yellow solution V(V) + Zn solution changes from yellow via green
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factors affecting the kinetics of reaction between peroxodisulfate (vi) and iodide d. del prado1 and j. belano2 1 department of food science and nutrition‚ college of home economics 2 department of food science and nutrition‚ college of home economics university of the philppines‚ diliman‚ quezon city 1101‚ philippines date submitted: january 7‚ 2013 ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ABSTRACT -------------------------------------------------
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