SALTS AND THEIR PREPARATION SALTS A salt is a compound formed when the hydrogen ions in an acid are replaced by metal ions or by ammonium ions. Compounds in which the H+ ions in an acid have been replaced by ammonium ions (NH4+) are called ammonium salts. NOTE: •An anion is a negatively charged ion. Hence:•Hydrochloric acid gives chlorides. E.g. sodium chloride‚ ammonium chloride. •Nitric acid gives nitrates. E.g. barium nitrate‚ copper nitrate. •Sulphuric acid gives sulphates. E.g. silver sulphate
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away/donate/release its (outermost) electron more | | | | | |easily/readily. | |1 | | | |or‚ Rb can form ion/cation/positive ion more easily/readily. | |(1) | | | |or‚ The strength of metallic bond between Rb atoms is weaker than that between K atoms/Rb can atomize more | | | |
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Student Number Mark / 39 Chemistry Preliminary Course Final Examination • 2006 General Instructions • • • • • • • Reading time – 5 minutes Working time – 45 minutes Write using black or blue pen Draw diagrams using pencil Board-approved calculators may be used A Data Sheet and a Periodic Table are provided Write your Student Number at the top of this page Total Marks – 39 Part A – 10 marks • Attempt Questions 1 – 10 • Allow about 10 minutes for this part Part B – 29 marks • Attempt
Free Chemical reaction Hydrogen Solubility
Objectives After studying this Unit‚ you will be able to • name haloalkanes and haloarenes according to the IUPAC system of nomenclature from their given structures; • describe the reactions involved in the preparation of haloalkanes and haloarenes and understand various reactions that they undergo; • correlate the structures of haloalkanes and haloarenes with various types of reactions; • use stereochemistry as a tool for understanding the reaction mechanism; • appreciate the applications of organo-metallic
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Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations Q.1. Why should magnesium ribbon be cleaned before burning in air ? Ans: Magnesium ribbon is a very reactive metal. When stored it reacts with oxygen to form a layer of magnesium oxide on its surface. This layer of magnesium oxide being a stable compound prevents further reaction of magnesium with oxygen. The magnesium is cleaned before burning in air to remove this layer so that the metal can be exposed to air properly. Q.2. Write the balanced
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Title of Experiment: An Activity Series Lab MSDS: Copper‚ Cu(s) Stability- Stable. Incompatible with strong acids‚ active halogen compounds‚ chlorine‚ fluorine‚ iodine‚ bromine‚ ammonia. May react explosively with strong oxidizing agents. Toxicology-Dust may cause respiratory irritation. Personal Protection- Suitable ventilation if handling powder. Zinc‚ Zn(s) Stability-Stable. Incompatible with amines‚ cadmium‚ sulfur‚ chlorinated solvents‚ strong acids‚ strong bases. Air and moisture
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1 : 2 C. 2 : 1 D. 1 : 3 E. 3 : 1 24. A solution contains the ions Ag+‚ Pb2+‚ and Ni2+. Dilute solutions of NaCl‚ Na2SO4‚ and Na2S are available to separate the positive ions from each other. In order to effect separation‚ the solutions should be added in which order? A. Na2SO4‚ NaCl‚ Na2S B. Na2SO4‚ Na2S‚ NaCl C. Na2S‚ NaCl‚ Na2SO4
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ratios (solute to solution) x a million (106). In this sense‚ they are similar to wt %‚ which could be thought of as parts per hundred (although nobody uses this term). Other variations on this theme include: ppt – parts per thousand (used for common ions in sea water) ppb – parts per billion (used for heavy metals and organics) ppt – parts per trillion (used for trace metals and trace organics) The following table summarizes common mass ratios for solutions and solids. Unit Solutions Solids ppm mg/L
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Analysis of Alcohols‚ Aldehydes and Ketones Karl Wayne Mancao‚ Raphaell Mordeno‚ Andres Pastrana III*‚ and Shannen Peñaverde Department of Biology‚ University of Santo Tomas‚ Manila‚ Philippines Abstract The proponents have done several tests for identifying alcohols‚ aldehydes and ketones. These tests are Dichromate test‚ Tollens test‚ Lucas test‚ DNPH test and Iodoform test. Three samples got positive result in dichromate test and one in Tollens test. Lucas test got one sample that has
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White dropping ray - tripod stand and mesh -stopwatch - Biuret͛s solution - Sodium Hydroxide solution (NaOH) (or Potassium Hydroxide solution) - Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) - Sodium Hydrogencarbonate (NaHCO3) - Iodine Solution(I2) (or Potassium Iodide solution) - Ethanol (C2H5OH) - distilled water (H2O) Test Method Reducing Sugars 2cm3 of solutions A-G were placed into separate‚ labelled test tubes using separate measuring syringes. An equal volume (2cm3) of Benedict͛s solution was
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