Materials and methods 1. Raw materials Full ripe cactus Opuntia dillenii fruits were harvested from the orchard of Faculty of Agriculture‚ Suez Canal University‚ Ismailia Governorate‚ Egypt during December 2014. Fruits were washed and glochides and the two distal parts (top and bottom parts) were removed. The fruits were mashed in a mixer by mixing for 15 s. After that‚ the seeds were separated‚ washed and dried by hot air in a convective dryer (WT-binder‚ Type F115‚ Germany) at 50 ºC‚ air velocity
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the solute and the solvent. b. Classify the solute and the solvent as polar‚ nonpolar or ionic. c. Identify the solute-solute‚ solvent-solvent and solute-solvent attractive forces. Lewis Structures Solutes: NaCl Naphthalene Glycerol Potassium Iodide Iodine Crystal Solvents: Distilled water Ethyl Alcohol Toluene Solutions Polar‚ Non-Polar or Ionic Attractive Forces NaCl + Distilled Water Solute NaCl Solute-solute Solute-solvent Solvent Distilled water Solvent-solvent NaCl
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Rhodium No direct synthesis of safrole has been recorded‚ the most recent attempt being that of Baker and Robinson (JCS‚ 1925‚ 127‚ 1424)‚ who distilled the product of the action of silver oxide and water upon gamma-piperonylpropyltrimethylammonium iodide‚ but obtained isosafrole‚ the double bond moving into the position of greater stability. Kawai (Sci. Papers Inst. Phys. Chem. Res.‚ 1925‚ 3‚ 263) has shown that the monoallyl ether of pyrocatechol undergoes the Claisen rearrangement to give an oil
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Experiment 13: Synthesis of 1- Bromobutane An SN2 Reaction Theory: One of the methods of preparing alkyl halides is via the nucleophilic substitution reactions of alcohols. Alcohols are inexpensive materials and easy to maintain. However‚ they are a poor leaving group the OH group is a problem in nucleophilic substitution‚ this problem is fixed by converting the alcohol into H2O. Objective: The objective of this lab is to observe the synthesis of 1-bromobutane in an SN2 reaction‚ to see how
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analytical tool. Procedure 1. Determination of Reaction Rates • Obtain boiled‚ deionized water‚ pipets or burets‚ and 20-mL beakers or 150 mm test tubes in order to mix solutions for 8 kinetic trials. • Make sure to measure the volumes of potassium iodide and sodium thiosulfate with pipets before adding them to the test tubes or the beakers. • For Trial #4‚ acquire
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LABORATORY 3: LABORATORY 3: Basic Chemistry for Investigating Living Systems Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to explain how colorimetry can be used to qualitatively detect cellular chemical components; to chemically differentiate between proteins‚ sugars‚ starches‚ and lipids; to identify the roles of molecular components in living systems; to comprehend the value of using a systematic approach to research; and to describe why hypotheses‚ controls‚ standards‚ and quality control
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Kuching SM Sains Kuching REVISION MODULE FOR THE MASTERY OF THE BASICS IN SPM CHEMISTRY Page Compiled and edited by : Jong Kah Yin 1 SPM CHEMISTRY INDEX CONTENT 1 REVISION CHECK-LIST Form 4 Form 5 2 WRITING EQUATIONS 2.1 Charges of ions 2.2 Formulae of compounds 2.3 Reactions of Acid 2.4 Displacement of Metals 2.5 Double decomposition reaction 2.6 Others 3 CALCULATIONS 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 4 Relative Masses Mole and Number of particles Mole and Mass & Volume of Gases Empirical
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HKDSE CHEMISTRY – A Modern View (Chemistry) Coursebook 3 Suggested answers |Chapter 25 Simple molecular substances with non-octet |Page Number | |structures and shapes of simple molecules | | |Class Practice |1 | |Chapter Exercise
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Chemistry Equipment Symbols 1. Test Tube 2. Boiling Tube 3. Beaker 4. Conical Flask 5. Test Tube Holder/ Tongs /Clamp Stand 6. Measuring/Graduating 7. Funnel 8. Pipette Cylinder 9. Spatula 10. Tripod 11. Bunsen Burner 12. Glass Bulb 13. Burette 16. Condenser Pipette Changes of State Filtering Solutions 03-Nov
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Chemistry 3373F Lab Manual 2008 Modified 11/07 Table of Contents Chem 3373 Laboratory Schedule for Fall 2008.............................................................................2 The Benzoin Condensation of Benzaldehyde ..............................................................................3 Synthesis of Dilantin and Related Compounds (two weeks).........................................................6 Synthesis of an Alkaloid: Pseudopelletierine (two weeks) .............
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