Experiment 2: Food Tests Objective * To study the presence of reducing sugars. * To study the presence of protein. Introduction In this experiment‚ glucose‚ maltose‚ lactose and sucrose are used for testing reducing and non-reducing sugars. Glucose is monosaccharide while maltose‚ lactose and sucrose are disaccharides of carbohydrates. Monosaccharaides are the monomers which make up all other carbohydrates and cannot be broken into smaller molecules by hydrolysis. Disaccharides are
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atoms. 3. What is a chemical bond? Discuss the differences between an ionic bond and a covalent bond. Any of several forces‚ especially the ionic bond‚ covalent bond‚ and metallic bond‚ by which atoms or ions are bound in a molecule or crystal. Ionic bonds are chemical bonds between two ions with opposite charges‚ characteristic of salts. Covalent bonds are chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more electrons‚ especially pairs of electrons‚ between atoms. 4. What are valence electrons
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Periodic table is printed on page 2. A copy of the Data Sheet is printed on page 18. ______________________________________________________ This question paper consists of 18 printed pages (including this page) Group I II III IV V VI VII 0 1 4 H He Hydrogen Helium 1 7 9 11 12 14 16 19 2 20 Li Be B C N O F Ne Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon 3 23 4
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dissolved in water to give 2.0 102 mL of solution. The concentration of the solution is: a) 1.0 M b) 3.0 M c) 0.10 M d) 5.0 M e) 10.0 M Ans: d) 5.0 M Page: 4.3 2. Which of the following aqueous solutions contains the greatest number of ions? a) 400.0 mL of 0.10 M NaCl b) 300.0 mL of 0.10 M CaCl2 c) 200.0 mL of 0.10 M FeCl3 d) 200.0 mL of 0.10 M KBr e) 800.0 mL of 0.10 M sucrose ANS: b) 300.0 mL of 0.10 M CaCl2 PAGE: 4.3 3. What mass of calcium chloride‚ CaCl2‚ is needed
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Experiment 6 :Observation | KA2 | KA3 | Weight of test-tube + solid / g | | | Weight of empty test-tube / g | X1 | X2 | Weight of solid / g | | | Initial temperature of acid / °C | | | Final temperature of mixture / °C | θ1 | θ2 | Temperature change / °C | | | Discussion :[In the experiment sheet‚ the is an error where questions in (c)(i) should be "the heat change involved the reactions involving KA2 and KA3] (c). i : q1 = mcθ1 ; q = (30.00)(4.18)( θ1) = q1 q2 =
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There are three reactions in the iodine clock reaction. The first reaction is IO3-(aq) + 3 HSO3-3 SO4-(aq) + I-(aq)+ 3 H+(aq)‚ where the iodate ions become iodide ions1. The second reaction is 6 H+(aq) +IO3-(aq) + 5 I-(aq) 3 I2(aq) + 3 H2O(l) where the iodate ions become molecular iodine2. The third reaction involves molecular iodine becoming a dark blue starch;I2(aq) + starch blue-black complex3. These three reactions react in a sequence. In any reaction the concentration is exponentially related
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the based-catalyzed halogenation of the ketone that forms a trihalo ketone. First‚ the bleach is transformed into chlorine and hydroxide ions through the following reaction: Then‚ the hydroxyl is able to attack the rather acidic (pKa ~ 20) α-hydrogen of the ketone. This acidity is due to the stability of the resonance structures of the corresponding enolate ion that forms upon dissociation. When the hydroxide is able to subtract a hydrogen atom‚ a carbanion is formed. This carbanion is a very strong
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statement below. a. halide ion e. valence electron b. octet rule f. coordination number c. ionic bond g. metallic bond d. electron dot structure ____ 1. an electron in the highest occupied energy level of an atom ____ 2. Atoms react so as to acquire the stable electron structure of a noble gas. ____ 3. a depiction of valence electrons around the symbol of an element ____ 4. an anion of chlorine or other halogen ____ 5. the force of attraction binding oppositely charged ions together ____ 6. the
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many atoms there are in each molecule (Wikipedia). Ionic compounds are basically defined as being compounds where two or more ions are held next to each other by electrical attraction. One of the ions has a positive charge called a cation and the other has a negative charge called an anion. Cations are usually metal atoms and anions are either nonmetals or polyatomic ions. Usually‚ when we have ionic compounds‚ they form large crystals that you can see with the naked eye (4). A covalent compound
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precipitation reactions‚ as well as to identify spectator ions‚ perception reactions and solubility of different compounds. Experiment and Observations In this experiment I was using a 96-well plate to add two drops of the following solutions into seven wells in rows A through E: cobalt (II) nitrate‚ copper (II) nitrate‚ iron (III) nitrate‚ barium nitrate‚ and nickel (II) nitrate. Afterward‚ two drops of each of sodium phosphate‚ sodium iodide‚ sodium sulfate‚ sodium chloride‚ sodium bicarbonate‚
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