longer with the polar adsorbent‚ while the least polar compound travels with the eluent that is lower in polarity. 2. TLC in today’s experiment stands for Thin Layer Chromatography. 3. From least polar to the most polar: Heptane-Toluene-Acetone-Methanol-Acetic acid ‚ ‚ ‚ ‚ 4. The Rf (Retardation factor) is the ratio of the distance that the compound/mixture traveled to the distance the solvent/mobile phase traveled. 5. From least Rf to the highest Rf: Benzoic acid – Benzaladehyde
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In chemistry‚ an alcohol is an organic compound in which the hydroxyl functional group (-OH) is bound to a carbon atom. In particular‚ this carbon center should be saturated‚ having single bonds to three other atoms.[1] An important class of alcohols are the simple acyclic alcohols‚ the general formula for which is CnH2n+1OH. Of those‚ ethanol (C2H5OH) is the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages‚ and in common speech the word alcohol refers specifically to ethanol. Other alcohols are usually
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Introduction Flash-Column Chromatography is another useful technique used to separate and purify complex mixtures of compounds. In this experiment‚ TLC is used to determine the best solvent system for the column. Due to Flash-Column Chromatography1 being an inexpensive technique‚ many scientist use this process for drug and natural product purification. Method By using the information from Experiment 6B‚ the TLC solvent system used was 30% EtOAc: 70% Hex. Experiment 7 was broken into two parts‚
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1. Disposing of Waste - Teachers should be aware of the appropriate method of disposal for any chemical used in the school laboratory. When in doubt‚ refer to the MSDS‚ a disposal manual‚ or the source of the chemical. a. Classification of Hazardous Waste The Environmental Protection Agency classifies wastes as: Ignitable: has a flash point below 140°C‚ is an oxidizer‚ or is an ignitable compressed gas. Corrosive: has a pH equal to or below 2.0 or a pH equal to or greater than 12.5. Reactive:
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Report on TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF CHEMICAL WASTES IN CHEM 111.1 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LABORATORY Submitted by: Christian Manahan Anna Esperanza Legaspi CHEM 180 – X 2nd Semester AY 2012-2013 Date Presented: March 21‚ 2013 Date Submitted: March 22‚ 2013 Prof. Josefina L. Solivas I. Introduction Chemicals have been indispensable in the everyday lives of humans. Their uses have made life easier and better. However‚ their effects on the environment have been accumulating and
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BOILING POINTS AND MELTING POINTS PART 2 Name: Grethel Zegarra Date of Lab: October 26‚ 2010 Date lab is due: November 2‚ 2010 HYPOTHESIS The boiling point in degrees Celsius will increase as the number of carbon atoms increase. The melting point of the unknown will indicate its mixed substances. The boiling point will increase as a result of the different branching of the OH‚ the melting point will be affected by the different positioning of the OH on the benzene ring. PURPOSE To introduce
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kerosene making coca paste. Coca paste is then mixed with sulphuric acid‚ potassium acid‚ potassium permanganate (sulphur dioxide can also be used)‚ and ammonia hydroxide‚ filtered‚ and dried into a cocaine base. The amalgam is dissolved in acetone forming white cocaine hydroxide‚ which is run through a strainer‚
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lab drawer. 6. Answer question #1 for tomorrow. Read and prepare a data table for Day II. DAY II 1. Using your forceps‚ carefully remove the fragile copper jacket that is left from the penny. Rinse it gently in distilled water. 2. Dry the penny in acetone solution. Swirl the penny in the solution. 3. Pour the acid solution from your beaker into the waste container at the center table. Rinse and dry your beaker. 4. Take a magic marker and write your lab drawer number on the side of your 50 mL beaker
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Betahemolysis B. alphahemolysis C. gammahemolysis 9. FTM *broth – O2 relationship with 10. MRVP (mix acid fermentation) MR- methyl red (PH lower than 4.4) Positive control – E.coli red color- positive test no red – negative test 11. Voges Proskauer ( acetone) –precursor for those who fermented butane Positive control- E. aerogenosa Red color – positive test No color change – negative test 12. Nitrate Reduction Enzyme – nitrate redactase Positive control- E.coli Pink color- positive No pink – negative
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phase and a nonpolar organic phase. Benzoic acid‚ C7H6O2‚ is a white crystalline solid and a simple aromatic carboxylic acid with a faint‚ pleasant odor. Its molecular weight is 122.12 g/mol. It is very slightly soluble in cold water‚ soluble to acetone and benzene‚ and very soluble to ether and ethanol. Its solubility in water is 1.9 g/L at 0°C and 68 g/L at 95°C. It has a density of 1.2659 g/cm3 at 15 torr and has a melting point of 122.4°C. It has a boiling point of 249.2°C. Figure
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