called saccharin‚ is the first popular artificial sweetening agent. It has been used as a sweetening agent ever since it was discovered in 1879. It is about 550 times as sweet as cane sugar. It is excreted from the body in urine unchanged. It appears to be entirely inert and harmless when taken. Its use is of great value to diabetic persons and people who need to control intake of calories. Some other commonly marketed artificial sweeteners are given in Table 16.1. Aspartame 100 Saccharin 550
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Which Antacid Works the Best? Heartburn is a condition characterized by a burning feeling in the chest and a sour or bitter taste in the mouth. Heartburn usually develops when the acidic contents of the stomach flow back‚ or regurgitate‚ into the esophagus‚ the muscular tube that carries food from the throat to the stomach. Approximately one in ten adults experience heartburn once a week. Heartburn is more common in pregnant women because of the pressure the expanding uterus exerts on the stomach
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cleaning gel. As of 2002‚ Colgate occupied 20% of the market share for toothpastes in China.[4] COLGATE active salt toothpaste Active ingredient Sodium monofluorophosphate 0.76% (0.15% w/v fluoride ion) Inactive ingredients dicalcium phosphate dihydrate‚ water‚ glycerin‚ sodium lauryl sulfate‚ cellulose gum‚ flavor‚ tetrasodium pyrophosphate‚ sodium
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followed without any major changes. Data and results Compound Amount used MW (g/mol) Moles Stoichiometry/Comments acetaminophen 0.354 g 151.16 2.34 x 10-3 limiting reagent ethyl iodide 0.3mL 155.97 3.75 x 10-3 1.6 equiv ’s sodium ethoxide 2.6mL 68.05 3.3 x 10-2 catalyst‚ reaction solvent crude product obtained: phenacetin 0.32g 179.22 1.78 x 10-3 yield = 76.06% Recrystallized product: phenacetin 0.16g 179.22 8.92 x 10-4 yield = 38.12% Table 1-Reagent
Free Chemical reaction Base Alcohol
Toothpaste has a history that stretches back nearly 4‚000 years. Until the mid-nineteenth century‚ abrasives used to clean teeth did not resemble modern toothpastes. People were primarily concerned with cleaning stains from their teeth and used harsh‚ sometimes toxic ingredients to meet that goal. Ancient Egyptians used a mixture of green lead‚ verdigris (the green crust that forms on certain metals like copper or brass when exposed to salt water or air)‚ and incense. Ground fish bones were used
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surfactants. Surfactants are in toothpastes to loosen stuck-on food and plaque so your toothbrush can get rid of it better. The most common surfactant is sodium lauryl sulphate. Fluoride fights tooth decay by strengthening the enamel. It does this by a chemical reaction called remineralisation. Fluoride is most frequently in the form of sodium fluoride‚ sodium monofluorophosphate‚ or stannous fluoride. Desensitizers help reduce the sensitivity of tooth surfaces below the gum line. TSSP stands for tetrasodium
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dentifrice used with a toothbrush as an accessory to clean and maintain the aesthetics and health of teeth. The ingredients in the Colgate are Calcium Carbonate‚ Water‚ Sorbitol‚ Hydrated Silica‚ Sodium Lauryl Sulfate‚ Flavor‚ Cellulose Gum‚ Magnesium Aluminum Silicate‚ Sodium Carbonate‚ Sodium Saccharin‚ Sodium Bicarbonate‚ Methylparaben‚ Propylparaben‚ Commiphora Myrrha‚ Chamomilla Recutita‚ Melaleuca Alternifolia‚ Salvia Offinalis Oil‚ Salvadora Persica‚ Cl 77492‚ Cl 12085. There is no alcohol indeed
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1. Define the term chemotherapy. Use of chemicals for therapeutic effect is called chemotherapy. 2. Why do we need to classify drugs in different ways ? It is useful for doctors because it provides them the whole range of drugs available for the treatment of a particular type of problem. 3. How are drugs classified? (a) On the basis of pharmacological effect For example‚ analgesics have pain killing effect. (b) On the basis of drug action It is based
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Physical State Melting Point/°C Boiling Point/°C Fluoromethane CH3F Gas -142 -78 Chloromethane CH3Cl Gas -97 -24 Bromomethane CH3Br Gas -94 4 Iodomethane CH3I Liquid -67 42 Chloroethane CH3CH2 Gas -136 12 Bromoethane CH3CH2Br Liquid -118 39 Iodoethane CH3CH2I Liquid -108 72 Straight chain isomers have high boiling point compared to branching chain isomers due to lower intramolecular force Solubility in Water and Density All the haloalkanes are insoluble in water but there are soluble
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Intro to investigation Investigating the antibacterial properties of a mouthwash Introduction The mouthwash under test id Asda Protect. It contains:- · aqua · alcohol · glycerin · polysorbate 20 · sodium benzoate · aroma · sodium saccharin · cetylpyridinium chloride · menthol · sodium flouride (0.05%) In this investigation we aim to test the antibacterial properties of this mouthwash treating it like a disinfectant against three common bacteria which can be safely used in the laboratory:
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