Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1994‚33‚1687-1691 1687 Synthesis of Triphenyl Phosphate and Benzyl Benzoate with Phase-Transfer Catalyst in Heterogeneous Liquid-Liquid Reaction System S a t o r u Asai‚’ Hidemi Nakamura‚ Mitsunori Tanabe‚ and Kenji Sakamoto Department of Chemical Engineering‚ University of Osaka Prefecture‚ Sakai‚ Osaka 593‚Japan The synthetic reactions of triphenyl phosphate from diphenylphosphoryl chloride and sodium phenoxide and of benzyl benzoate from benzyl chloride and sodium
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1 Class XII: Chemistry Chapter 1: The Solid State Concept 1. Solid: Solid is a state of matter in which the constituting particles are arranged very closely. The constituent particles can be atoms‚ molecules or ions. Properties of solids: a. They have definite mass‚ volume and shape. b. Intermolecular distances are short and hence the intermolecular forces are strong. c. Their constituent particles have fixed positions and can only oscillate about their mean positions. d. They are incompressible
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Applications of Radiopharmaceuticals Name: Lew Chien Ai Radiopharmaceuticals are formulations containing radioisotopes‚ which are use internally for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Radiopharmaceuticals have modernized the medical field by their ability to provide static as well as dynamic images of internal organs in a noninvasive manner as well as by offering efficacious therapy of certain diseases. Radioisotopes are extensively used in medicine for diagnosis‚ either in
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carbonate accepts a hydrogen from sulfanilic acid a zwitterion therefore making it much more reactive later in the reaction. The concentrated HCl was used to form a nitrosonium ion from sodium nitrate. The oxygen attacks two hydrogen ions in solution and leaves as a water molecule. This process created the nitrosonium ion that reacts with the activated sulfanilic acid to create the diazonium salt. If an aqueous solution of diazotized sulfanilic acid were not kept below 5 degrees centigrade
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Week #2 Post Lab 1.) Define the following: electrolyte‚ nonelectrolyte Electrolyte: A substance that dissolves in water to form solutions that conduct electricity. Nonelectrolyte: A compound that doesn’t dissociate into ions when dissolved in water. 2.) Using examples in the last link‚ draw beakers showing atomic scale representations of aqueous solutions of the following compounds. Classify each as an electrolyte or nonelectrolyte. * Ba(OH)2 (aq) * NH3 (aq) * C3H7OH (aq)
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Module 16 Notes Reduction/Oxidation Reactions • Oxidation number: The charge that an atom in a molecule would develop if the most electronegative atoms in the molecule took the shared electrons from the less electronegative atoms. • Oxidation numbers are not real; they are only based on assumptions. They are useful bookkeeping tools though‚ and can help us keep track of electrons during a reaction. • The sum of all oxidation numbers in a molecule must equal the charge of that molecule. • Rules
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Form A Chemistry 100 Introduction to General Chemistry Fall Semester‚ 2010 Exam One‚ 150 points On this page print your name‚ your lab section number‚ and the name of your TA. Also sign this test booklet. Name________________________________Lab section____________TA___________ Signature________________________________________________________________ The exam consists of 21 problems and one extra credit problem. Partial credit is given only for work that is legible and logically and clearly
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meets sodium hydroxide to form sodium chloride and water: HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O Adding an acid to a base does not necessarily mean that the product is automatically neutralised. The strength of each of the reactants must be matched so that all the ions released by the acid find a place with the base. A strong acid with a weak base will result in an acidic salt‚ a weak acid with a strong base will result in a basic salt‚ while acids and bases of the same strength will neutralise
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Covalent molecular and; • Covalent network substances Metallic substances are substances that are made up of one or more metal. They have regular 3D lattice of positively charged ions. Metallic substances are bond together by metallic bond which has strong electrostatic attraction between the positive ions and the delocalised electrons. These delocalised electrons carry current giving metallic substance the ability to conduct electricity in solid or liquid form. Metallic substances are insoluble
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in the outermost shell‚ which are involved in bonding‚ are known as valence electrons. When many types of atoms come into contact with one another‚ electrons can be transferred from one atom to another thus creating an ion. An ion is an atom that has lost or gained an electron. Ions form because neutral atoms become charged by the losing or gaining an electron. An anion is created when one atom gains electrons. On the contrary‚ a cation is created when an atom loses electrons. The octet rule is a
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