gaining electrons may do this‚ which concludes in an ionic bond or the sharing of electrons with other atoms which makes a covalent bond. Ionic bonds‚ as you can probably surmise form from ions. Ions are made when an atom gains an electron to form a negative ion or loses an electron to form a positively charged ion. As an example of an ionic bond let’s used the elements Cl and Na. First‚ we must understand that there is an attraction between them because one is positive and the other negative and that
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metal Formed by the transferring of electrons from metal atom to non metal atom Formation of oppositely charged cation and anion → the two ions held together by strong electrostatic force (ionic bond) Metal loses its valence e → cation Non – metal gains e → anion Eg : Formation of NaCl‚ MgBr2 1.2.1 PROPERTIES OF IONIC COMPOUNDS The ions occupy fixed positions in the ionic lattice They can conduct electricity (in melting state or in a solution phase) High melting and boiling
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positions(c) F-centres(d) Schottky effect (Q.2) Schottky defects in crystal is observed when ( 1 mark ) (a) unequal number of cations and anions aremissing from the lattice(b) equal number of cations and anions are missing from the lattice(c) an ion leaves its normal siteand occupies an interstitial site(d) density of the crystal is increased (Q.3) In an antiflourite structure‚ cations occupy: ( 1 mark ) (a) Octahedral voids(b) Centre of the cube(c) Tetrahedral voids(d) Corners of the cube
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Chapter 1 The Problem-And It’s Background Potato as an alternative battery for scientific calculator is the chosen topic of the researchers. The researchers thought of many topics but the topic about the scientific calculator get their attention. They thought that scientific calculator is very useful to students especially to 4th year students. A scientific calculator is a type of electronic calculator‚ designed to calculate problems in science‚ engineering‚ and mathematics. They have
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Self Heating Food and Drink Cans Heater meals – originally developed for military use – are ready-made self-heating meal packs. They can be heated in many ways – by pressing a button on the packaging‚ unwrapping and shaking the pack‚ or pouring the contents of one bag into another and waiting for a few minutes – all of which use exothermic chemical reactions. These meals can be used to motivate students to study such reactions relatively safely and without the use of a burner. Plus there is the
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Water has many unique properties that make life possible on Earth. One property is cohesion. The cohesion property is properly defined as the binding of water molecules by hydrogen bonds. Water has this property as a result of the chemical bonding between water. Cohesion of the strong hydrogen bonds allows the water molecules to stick together‚ almost as a unit of one. A force exerted on one of the molecules will be exerted on all of the adjacent molecules as a result of cohesion. Cohesion‚ often
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06_0610_03/3RP UCLES 2005 [Turn over 2 1 Three plants were grown to study the effects of nitrate and magnesium ion deficiency on their development. They were kept in the same conditions‚ except for the types of minerals supplied. Plant A was provided with all essential minerals. Plant B was given all minerals except nitrate ions. Plant C was given all minerals except magnesium ions. Fig. 1.1 shows the plants a few weeks later. For Examiner’s Use normal‚ healthy leaf pale green leaf
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Vinegar as Alternative Battery An Investigatory Project Presented to The Faculty of the High School Department Surigao Education Center Km. 2‚ Surigao City _______________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Physics IV _______________________________________________ By: Edradan‚ Dhaniel Jefferson Yaun‚ Mary Allyssa Concon‚ Leonel Galos‚ Jancirfil Jimena‚ Rimar Villarojo‚ Kerr March 2013 APPROVAL SHEET Vinegar as Alternative Battery Prepared &
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Catalytic reduction of hexacynoferrate (III) The silver nanoparticles were used in the catalytic electron transfer reaction between hexacyanoferrate (III) and sodium borohydride‚ resulting in the formation of hexacyanoferrate (II) ions and dihydrogen borate ions. The redox reaction is depicted as: [BH4] - + 8[Fe (CN) 6] -3 + 3H2O H2BO3 - + 8[Fe (CN) 6] -4+ 8H+ The reaction can even proceed without a catalyst‚ but it has been reported that it is a slow reaction‚ which follows zero-order
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10.34 Use the electron-pair repulsion model to predict the geometry of the following molecules: a. GeCl2 b. NF3 c. SCl2 d. XeO4 10.35 Predict the geometry of the following ions‚ using the electron-pair repulsion model. a. ClO3? b. PO43? c. SCN? d. H3O? 10.36 Use the VSEPR model to predict the geometry of the fol- lowing ions: a. N3? b. BH4? c. SO32? d. NO2? 10.37 For each of the following molecules‚ state the bond an- gle (or bond angles‚ as appropriate) that you would expect to see on the central
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