structure with covalent bonds/ giant covalent structure/ consist of a large number of covalent bond ∴ melting requires supply of a large amount of energy. Melting of tetrachloromethane involves the breaking of weak van der Waals forces between molecules/ intermolecular forces. 1+1 1 1 (ii) There are mobile electrons in solid sodium but the ions in solid sodium chloride are not free to move/ solid sodium chloride has no mobile ion. 1 1 (iii) Tetrachloromethane which is a covalent compound
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SYLLABUS – ADVANCED PLACEMENT CHEMISTRY Required Texts 1. Chemistry: The Central Science by Brown‚ LeMay and Bursten‚ 10th ed.‚ Pearson Education. Inc.‚ Upper Saddle River‚ NJ‚ 2006‚ ISBN: 0131464892 Includes: Text book‚ Laboratory Manual‚ Student Study Guide‚ AP Test Prep Series‚ Solutions to Practice Problems 2. Barrons AP Chemistry‚ Jespersen‚ Neil D‚ 4th ed.‚ Barron’s Educational Series‚ Inc‚ 250 Wireless Boulevard‚ Hauppauge‚ New York 11788
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Crystals form in the depths of the Earth to the extension of the clouds in sky. Some think that crystals elude the sight of people’s eyes everyday in life‚ but they are everywhere including ingredients for food‚ construction materials‚ and even in ice-cold weather. The crystals in this experiment are ammonia-generated crystals that can be created right in a home. The experiment will be testing the different effects and products on crystals in different temperatures and forms of light. Different measurements
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CARBON Atomic bonding • The goal of bonding is to produce a full & stable outer electron shell. – 1st shell (closest to nucleus) – 2 electrons to be full – 2nd shell – 8 electrons to be full – 3rd shell – 8 electrons to be full Bonding properties • Effect of electrons – chemical behavior of an atom depends on its electron arrangement • the number of electrons in its outermost shell‚ the valence shell How does this atom behave? 2 9/22/2011 Bonding properties • Effect
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AS Chemistry Revision-Chemistry for Life 1. Avagadro constant‚ 6.02 x 10²³ number of particles in 1 mole of a substance 2. Empirical formula-simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a compound 3. 4. Model of an atom Particle Mass on relative atomic scale Charge Proton 1 1+ Neutron 1 0 Electron Very small (0.00055) 1- 5. Radioactive isotopes Radiation What is it? Relative charge How does the nucleus change? Stopped by? Deflection in electric field? Alpha α Helium nuclei ⁴₂He +2 2 fewer
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and why they are essential to life on earth it is important to look at the shape and bonding patterns of the molecule because the uniqueness of water is a direct result of its shape and bonding patterns. The shape of the water molecule In the water molecule the oxygen atom is the central atom. It has four pairs of valence electrons surrounding it. Two of these pairs are shared which form the shared pairs form covalent bonds with the hydrogen atoms. The remaining two pairs are unshared and have a greater
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Chemistry SCH4U-B Lesson 1 Key Questions 1. The development of MRI imaging technology is one useful spinoff of basic research into the structure of the atom. Research‚ however‚ is expensive. Many people argue that the high cost of research outweighs its potential benefits. Provide one argument for‚ and one argument against increasing current
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represent the ratio of molecules of each substance involved in a chemical reaction. Weight Percentage is a percentage based on weights. Mole percentage is a percentage based on the numbers of atoms or moles. Formula units is the simplest form of an ionic compound
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potential energy). The positive end of a polar molecule will attract the negative end of the other molecule and influence their arrangement. Dipole-dipole forces have strengths that range from 5 kJ to 20 kJ per mole. They are much weaker than ionic or covalent bonds and have a significant effect only when the molecules involved are close together (touching or almost touching). London Dispersion London dispersion forces are a type of force acting between atoms and molecules. It is caused by correlated
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molecular‚ giant ionic) I) Reactions with hydrochloric acid and/or sodium hydroxide. It is expected that some trends will appear across the period three oxides. Conductivity of electricity of molten oxide is likely to occur in the metal oxides as they have giant metallic structures which are capable of transferring delocalized electrons throughout their structure. This is not true of giant covalent structures and covalent bonds where all of their electrons are concerned with bonding‚ and therefore
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