IGCSE PRE-AICE CHEMISTRY 0620 OFFICIAL STUDY GUIDE Notes: To avoid any confusion concerning the symbol for litre‚ dm3 will be used in place of l or litre.Valence electrons are known as valency electrons for this test. Nature of Matter The states of matter are solid‚ liquid‚ and gas‚ in respective order of kinetic energy. State of Matter | Definite Volume | Definite Shape | Solid | Yes | Yes | Liquid | Yes | No | Gas | No | No | Diffusion:
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION: THEMES IN THE STUDY OF LIFE OUTLINE I. Life’s Hierarchical Order A. The living world is a hierarchy‚ with each level of biological structure building on the level below it B. Each level of biological structure has emergent properties C. Cells are an organism’s basic units of structure and function D. The continuity of life is based on heritable information in the form of DNA E. Structure and function are correlated at all levels of biological organization F. Organisms are
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Name:____________________________ CHM 1045: Exam 4 – Chapters 9 & 10 Chapter 9: Chemical Bonding I – Lewis Theory 1. Which of the following statements is TRUE? a) A covalent bond is formed through the transfer of electrons from one atom to another. b) A pair of electrons involved in a covalent bond are sometimes referred to as "lone pairs." c) It is not possible for two atoms to share more than two electrons. e) A covalent bond has a lower potential energy than the two separate atoms. d) Single bonds are
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The chemistry of life Cell chemistry is hierarchical Inorganic precursors Small organic molecules Macromolecules Supramolecular structures Organelles/structures Cell BIO 1140 – SLIDE 1 Review of macromolecules Carbohydrates Polymers of monosaccharides (polysaccharides) Energy storage Structural chitin starch glycogen Purple pages F23 cellulose BIO 1140 – SLIDE 2 http://www.mpie.de/index.php?id=2957 Monosaccharides CnH2nOn n = 3 to 7 Trioses‚ pentoses and hexoses
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atoms of oxygen. 0 out of 5 The correct answer is: three molecules of carbon dioxide. Question 8 of 20 In water‚ hydrogen bonding occurs between the hydrogen and an oxygen atom in the same molecule. an oxygen atom in a different molecule. a hydrogen atom in a different molecule. a hydrogen atom in the same molecule. 5 out of 5 Correct!! Question 9 of 20 Covalent bonds form when one atom _________ its
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noncovalent interaction? A) carbon-carbon bonds B) hydrogen bonds C) hydrophobic interactions D) ionic interactions E) van der Waals interactions 3. Dissolved solutes alter some physical (colligative) properties of the solvent water because they change the: A) concentration of the water. B) hydrogen bonding of the water. C) ionic bonding of the water. D) pH of the water. E) temperature of the water. 4. The pH of a sample of blood is 7.4‚
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affecting the properties of Polymers • Disposal of Polymers A) Explain the term Electronegativity‚ recall qualitatively the electronegativity trends in the periodic table; use relative electronegativity values to predict bond polarity in a covalent bond; decide whether a molecule is polar or non-polar from its shape and the polarity of it’s bonds. The ELECTRONEGATIVITY of an ATOM is a measure of the ability of that atom in a molecule to attract electrons in a chemical bond to itself.
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Trends in Ionization Energy Period trends All the atoms in the same period have the same valence energy level and the same shielding. The increasing nuclear charge increases the attraction of valence electrons so ionization energy generally increases from left to right. The exceptions at full and ½ filled orbitals break the pattern because removing an electron from a stable (low energy) configuration will require more energy. Li has a low 1st ionization because 2 core electrons block the +3 nuclear
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Grouping elements with similar chemical properties together Date: 4.10.2012 Objectives The objective of this experiment is to experimentally investigate which elements show similar chemical properties. Chemical principle Calcium is a chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20. Calcium is a dull gray‚ silver solid under standard conditions. Calcium atoms have an electron configuration of (2‚ 8‚ 8‚ 2) and 2 outermost shell electrons. Calcium is in group 2 and period 4 of the
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the intermolecular forces (dipole-dipole‚ London dispersion‚ ionic‚ and hydrogen-bonding) from weakest to strongest . a) dipole-dipole‚ London dispersion‚ ionic‚ and hydrogen-bonding b) London dispersion‚ dipole-dipole‚ hydrogen-bonding‚ and ionic c) hydrogen-bonding‚ dipole-dipole‚ London dispersion‚ and ionic d) dipole-dipole‚ ionic‚ London dispersion‚ and hydrogen-bonding e) London dispersion‚ ionic‚ dipole-dipole‚ and hydrogen-bonding Ans: b 2. Hydrogen bonds account for which of the following
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