Tutorial 1: Atomic Structure and Bonding in Solids 1. (a) Cite the difference between atomic mass and atomic weight. (b) Silicon has three naturally-occurring isotopes as shown in the table below. On the basis of this data‚ confirm that the average atomic weight of Si is 28.0854 amu. |Silicon Isotope |Natural Abundance |Atomic mass of | | | |isotope (amu) | |28Si |92.23 % |27.9769 | |29Si
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order to achieve electron stability. When dealing with bond formation (Ionic bonding for example) we need to analyse the outer shell of the atom. Metals usually present 1‚ 2 or 3 electrons in their outer shell therefore they have to give them away to achieve stability. Vice versa non-metals have 5‚ 6 or 7 electrons in their outer shell and they need to receive more electrons in the outer shell to be stable. 1.2 Ionic bonding occurs between metal and non-metal atoms and consists in gaining and losing
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When a metallic substance shares electrons with a non-metal substance it forms covalent bonds‚ which make molecules. The metal becomes positively charged atoms‚ which means that the number of electrons is never less than the number of protons. Non-metals become negatively charged atoms‚ and now the number of electrons is more than the number of protons. When atoms share electrons of nonmetals then a covalent bond is formed inside the molecule. Monatomic elements are elements that only contain one
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Ionic compounds are formed when a metal and a non-metal join together. When sodium metal is dropped into a gas jar of chlorine gas the elements react violently to form a new compound called sodium chloride joined by ionic bonds. To understand how this process works‚ we must grasp an understanding of what an ion is and what an ionic bond is. An ion is an atom that has an electric charge and is created when an atom (or a group) gain or loses electrons. (It has an electric charge due to the imbalance
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CHEMISTRY 1 (FSC 1114) CHEMICAL BONDING MOKAN A/L VELAN (SCPNG0000019030) SANDEEP SINGH JASPREET SINGH TABLE OF CONTENT Contents IONIC BOND 2 METALLIC BOND 9 The "Sea of Electrons" Theory 14 Conductors‚ Insulators and Semiconductors 16 25 IONIC BOND Ionic bond is formed when electron transferred from a valence shell of an atom to the valence shell of another atom. Ionic bond involves electron transfer across two atoms. The atom which donates the electron is called cation
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Chapter 6 - Answer Key to Section Review 1-3 Section Review 1 1. What is the main distinction between ionic and covalent bonding? Answer (A): Ionic bonding involves the electrical attraction between large numbers of anions and cations. Covalent bonding involves the sharing of electron pairs between two atoms. Translation: -Ionic bonding happens between a metal and a non-metal (east coast and west coast) -One atom completely donates its valence electrons to another atom -Metals
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Bonding structure Metals: metallic bonding Ionic compound (metal +nonmetal): ionic bonding Molecule (nonmetal +nonmetal): covalent bonding 3.1 Metallic Bonding 1) Definition The electrostatic attraction between a lattice if positive ions and delocalized electrons. 2) The strength of metallic bonding (depend on) Delocalized electrons (=valence electrons=Group number) More valence electrons‚ stronger metallic bonding Ionic radii (=distance between nucleus and e-) Greater ionic radius
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Intermolecular Bonding Essay Write an essay on intermolecular bonding. Explain how each type of bond arises and the evidence for the existence of each. Comment on their strengths in relation to the types of atoms involved; the covalent bond and relative to each other. Use the concepts of different types and strengths of intermolecular bonds to explain the following: There exists four types of intermolecular bonding‚ they include ionic‚ covalent‚ Van der waals and hydrogen bonding. In order to describe
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HYDROGEN BONDING: Hydrogen bonding is a bonding type consisting of dipole and dispersion forces. A hydrogen bond is the attractive force between a hydrogen atom attached to a molecule and an atom of a different molecule. According to the Pauling scale of electro-negativities of the elements‚ it can be viewed that the three most electronegative elements in the periodical table are nitrogen‚ oxygen and fluorine. These are also called heteroatoms. The heteroatoms have a partial negative charge while
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30 Chemical Bonding – Properties of Molecules 1. For the following molecules determine which atoms are bonded (write the symbols with a bond between them)‚ the electronegativity difference between them‚ and the type of chemical bond it represents. If the bond is ionic‚ state what ions are produced. If the bond is polar covalent‚ indicate the direction of the dipole on the symbols from the first part. a) KCl Electronegativity difference = K - Cl = 0.8 - 3.0 = 2.2 ionic bond K1+
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