CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination CAPE ® CHEMISTRY SYLLABUS Unit 1 - effective for examinations from May/June 2007 Unit 2 - effective for examinations from May/June 2008 CXC A11/U2/06 Published by the Caribbean Examinations Council All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced‚ stored in a retrieval system‚ or transmitted in any form‚ or by any means electronic‚ photocopying‚ recording or otherwise without prior permission
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Chemistry Summary The particle theory: 1. Matter is made of tiny particles 2. Particles of matter are in constant motion 3. Particles of matter are held together by very strong electric forces 4. There are empty spaces between the particles of matter that are very large compared to the particles themselves. 5. Each substance has unique particles that are different from the particles of other substances 6. Temperature affects the speed of the particles. The
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1. | An experiment is carried out to determine the freezing point of naphthalene.Solid naphthalene is heated in a water bath until it melts completely. The initial temperature is recorded. Then molten naphthalene is left to cool. The reading of the temperature is recorded every 30 seconds. Figure below shows the recorded thermometer readings at 30 seconds intervals. Satu eksperimen dijalankan untuk menentukan takat beku naftalena. Pepejal naftalena dipanaskan di dalam kukus air sehingga melebur
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and boiling points Very strong electrostatic bonds between the electrons and nucleuses make it very hard for heat to overcome the bonds which make the metal solid or liquid. Ionic Compounds: • Ionic substances consist of positive ions and negative ions arranged in a regular lattice • Ionic bonding is the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions Property Explanation High melting and boiling points Strong electrostatic forces between the positive and negative ion
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The concept of order-winners and order-qualifiers is originating from an attempt to explain how internal operational capabilities can lead to competitive advantage‚ market success and answer the following : - What drives customers in buying the products manufactured by a company at all. - What makes customers purchase a certain product instead of a similar one manufactured by a competitor. In order for customers to purchase a product a car for example it needs to meet a set of minimum requirements
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this process is when calcium chloride dissolved in water. The polar water molecules attracted the oppositely charged Ca2+ and Cl- ions as calcium chloride is a polar molecule as well. The ions brake apart as the water attraction is greater than the ionic bond within the calcium chloride molecule. Solubility is also important for conductivity as some elements such as calcium chloride do not conduct in a solid state. This explains why calcium chloride conducted when dissolved in water and ethanol‚ but
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ORDER WINNERS AND ORDER QUALIFIERS The operations and supply chain strategy is a functional strategy that indicates how structural and infrastructural elements within the operations and supply chain areas will be acquired and developed to support the overall business strategy. Executing successful operations and supply chain strategies means choosing and implementing the right mix of structural and infrastructural elements. What constitutes the best mix of these structural and infrastructural
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alcohols‚ nucleotides 3. In order to distinguish the layers of a cell membrane you would use an electron microscope because: a. it operates in a vacuum b. it can magnify the specimen 500‚000 times c. it has the resolving power needed d. light cannot penetrate membranes 4. Polar covalent bonds: a. are found in molecules like CH4 b. account for the interaction among water molecules c. are found in hydrophobic molecules d. are a variant of an ionic bond 5. Responsible for cell
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Chem 201 /HW#10 Chapter 9 Electronegativity Table: use this table to answer Q [pic] 1. Bromine tends to form a monatomic ion which has the electronic configuration of a noble gas. What is the electron configuration of that noble gas? a. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4p6 b. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4p6 4d10 c. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 4p6 d. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 e. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 2. Which ion of
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Problem How can the understanding of colligative properties be applied to making ice cream? Hypothesis Adding salt to the water lowers its freezing point (freezing point depression‚ which is a colligative property). The water will now stay liquid at lower temperatures‚ which is required to make ice cream. Procedures 1. Get all the materials : - 1/2 cup milk - 1-quart plastic bag - 1/2 cup heavy cream - 1-gallon plastic bag -
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