Absorption & Emission of Light Stimulated Absorption & Emission‚ Spontaneous Emission E2 Incident radiation hν hν Emitted & transmitted radiation E1 Resonance condition E2-E1=hν • Rate of stimulated emission is: −dN1/dt = N1B1->2 ρ(ν) • Rate of absorption is the sum of the rated due to stimulated emission and spontaneous emission: −dN2/dt = N2B2->1 ρ(ν) + N2A2->1 where B1->2 is the Einstein transition probability for induced absorption‚ B2->1 is the Einstein transition probability
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Chapter II Light and Matter The Inner Workings of the Cosmos 2.4 The Distribution of Radiation All microscopic objects – fires‚ cubes‚ people‚ and stars – emit radiation at all times. They radiate because the microscopic charged particles in them are in constant random motion‚ and whenever charges change their state of motion‚ electromagnetic radiation is emitted. The temperature of an object is a direct measure of the amount of microscopic motion within it. The hotter the object
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interconnecting wires are inconvenient‚ hazardous‚ or impossible. The most common form of wireless power transmission is carried out using direct induction followed by resonant magnetic induction. Other methods under consideration include electromagnetic radiation in the form of microwaves or lasers. Energy transfer and efficiency The general principle is that if a given oscillating amount of energy (for example alternating current from a wall outlet) is placed into a primary coil which is capacitively
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refraction and diffraction. 3. They are transverse waves. 4. They travel due to moving electric and magnetic fields. The Sun and other stars give off a wide range of types of electromagnetic waves‚ which travel through space to Earth. Much of this radiation is stopped by Earth’s atmosphere and can only be detected by satellites in orbit outside the atmosphere. Electromagnetic Waves consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields which can travel through a vacuum while all other type of waves need
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scientists give a bunch of types of radiation when they want to talk about them as a group. Radiation is energy that travels and spreads out as it goes‚ visible that comes from a lamp in your house and radio waves that come from a radio station are two types of electromagnetic radiation. Other examples of EM radiation are microwaves‚ infrared and ultraviolet light‚ X-rays and gamma-rays. Hotter‚ more energetic objects and events create higher energy radiation than cool objects. Only extremely hot
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died at the time from a coronary thrombosisc. Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) was originally diagnosed in 237 people on-site and involved with the clean-up and it was later confirmed in 134 cases. Of these‚ 28 people died as a result of ARS within a few weeks of the accident. Nineteen more subsequently died between 1987 and 2004 but their deaths cannot necessarily be attributed to radiation exposured. Nobody off-site suffered from acute radiation effects although a large proportion of childhood thyroid
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exposed radiation was enormous‚ “accident of 1986 released vast quantities of radioactive materials and significantly contaminated about 200‚000 square kilometers of land” (Mousseau). Acute radiation syndrome caused the death of over 30 Chernobyl plant workers and first responders a few days and weeks after initial exposure. Per the NRC and UNSCEAR “More than 6‚000 cases of thyroid cancer may eventually be linked to radiation exposure in Ukraine‚ Belarus and Russia” (Lallanilla). Acute radiation is an
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Chernobyl nuclear plant is one of the biggest disasters in history! It happened on April 26‚ 1986. It was a nuclear radiation disaster. About 4‚000 people died. All the survivors suffered from the radiation side affects for the rest of there lives. This also ruined the environment! The nuclear plant exploded exactly at 1:23 A.M. The explosion killed two people. Then radiation started pouring out of the reactor. There were 134 emergency workers that got involved trying to figure out how to
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electromagnetic radiation (EMR). EMR is a form of energy that reveals its presence when it strikes the matter. Remote Sensing has a sensor which can detect the electromagnetic radiation coming from an object. Remote Sensing data also enables direct observation of the land surface or any other objects at repetitive intervals and therefore allow monitoring the changes occurring in it through aerial or satellite sensor. Electromagnetic Radiation: Emission of EMR (Electro-Magnetic Radiation) occurs from
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Being Cool Sources: 1. https://www.google.co.uk/#q=which+electromagnetic+waves+emitted+from+the+sun+produce+a+heating+effect http://www.universetoday.com/60065/radiation-from-the-sun/ 2. http://www.raytek.com/Raytek/en-r0/IREducation/Emissivity.htm?trck=emissivity http://www.keller-msr.com/temperature-pyrometers/emissivity-definition-and-influence-in-non-contact-temperature-measurement.php 3. http://www.gcsescience.com/pen10-matt-black.htm http://scienceline.ucsb.edu/getkey
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