Pricing Strategy ITC Foods Business Division (Staples) The FMCG & RETAIL Pricing Strategy UNDERSTANDING THE PROCESS FMCG Pricing Strategy is now a critical element of the management mix. Old school management responsibilities of Sales owning the trade spend budget and customer negotiations with marketing owning the Recommend Retail Price do not work in today ’s information driven age. Retail sales volume is now 80% controlled by 2-3 chains with a scattering
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A. FIRM AND ITS OBJECTIVE: Conventional theory of firm assumes profit maximization is the sole objective of business firms. But recent researches on this issue reveal that the objectives the firms pursue are more than one. Some important objectives‚ other than profit maximization are: (a) Maximization of the sales revenue (b) Maximization of firm’s growth rate (c) Maximization of Managers utility function (d) Making satisfactory rate of Profit (e) Long run Survival of the firm (f) Entry-prevention
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different rates under various circumstances. This is where revenue management plays an important role; to fill at least a minimum number of rooms without selling every room at discount prices; the idea is to sell enough rooms to cover fixed operating expenses. Once fixed expenses are covered‚ and there are now only fewer remaining rooms to sell‚ they could then sell the remaining rooms at higher rates to maximize revenue and profits. The term revenue management was shortly introduced after the airline
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Introduction Apple has evolved since the start of their company in the early 70’s. The company has successfully been able to develop a strong hold to being a competitor and innovator. Apple Inc. has been able to gain widespread success due to their ability to create innovative products. Apple stands out in the market because they know what the consumers want and then executes their strategies. The companies’ effective business strategies have allowed them to gain large revenue growth. Apple has been
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Contents 1 Competition-based pricing 2 Cost-plus pricing 3 Creaming or skimming 4 Limit pricing 5 Loss leader 6 Market-oriented pricing 7 Penetration pricing 8 Price discrimination 9 Premium pricing 10 Predatory pricing 11 Contribution margin-based pricing 12 Psychological pricing 13 Dynamic pricing 14 Price leadership 15 Target pricing 16 Absorption pricing 17 Marginal-cost pricing 18 References [edit] Competition-based pricing Setting the price based upon
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Pricing Strategy Steps in Setting Price: Following are the steps in setting price for a product: 1. Selecting the pricing objectives; 2. Determining the consumers’ demand; 3. estimating costs; 4. Analysing the competitors’ costs‚ prices and offers; 5. Selecting a pricing method; and 6. Selecting the final price. 1. Selecting the pricing objectives: Before selecting a suitable price for a product‚ the marketer is needed to review the company’s objectives. The more clearer the company’s
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and Management SAU in Nitra Nitra‚ May 17-18‚ 2006 THE SALES FORECASTING TECHNIQUES MARTINOVIC Jelena‚ (SCG) - DAMNJANOVIC Vesna‚ (SCG) ABSTRACT Many sales managers do not recognize that sales forecasting is their responsibility. In this paper we summarized techniques that manager used into two types: qualitative and quantitative techniques. We also discuss the use of computer software in sales forecasting in Serbia. KEY WORDS sales forecasting‚ quantitative and qualitative techniques INTRODUCTION
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the so-called pricing process?” Pricing is the determination of monetary amount in exchange on the commodity sold or the service rendered by the business. In pricing‚ the Business should consider the following factors that affect pricing: 1. The manufacturing or production cost. Variable and fixed costs are the costs incurred in a product or service. Examine whether the costs that have been incurred in the commodity sold or service rendered are going to be covered up by the revenue given in a
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concernd with sales and customer satisfaction only. Though it is true to certain extent‚ yet marketing is not simply concerned with sales and profit maximization. In fact depending upon the type or stage of demand the marketing task would differ. The study is based on sales and distribution techniques with a special ref. of L.G. electronic product. To know the influences of the techniques of sales and distribution it is important to prepare a study which provides the result of the better sales and distribution
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MGMT 420 Apple SWOT Analysis Right now Apple Inc. is among the leaders in the world when it comes to computer technology and the smart phone. I wanted to do a quick SWOT analysis on Apple since the passing of Steve Jobs to see how they are doing and where they will be going in the future. Apple Inc. designs‚ manufactures‚ and markets personal computers‚ mobile communication devices‚ and portable digital music and video players. The company also sells various related
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