Relativism and Universalism Richard A. Shweder As the moral philosopher David Wong has noted (2006: xi): “The standard characterizations of [moral] relativism make it an easy target and seldom reveal what really motivates people who are attracted to it. Introductory textbooks in ethics frequently portray the view as an extreme variety of subjectivism (or conventionalism) in which anything goes – a person’s (or group’s) accepting that something is right makes it right for that person (or group)
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implications. The four perspectives on meta-ethics are objectivism‚ cultural relativism‚ subjective relativism and emotivism. Objectivists believe in honesty‚ justice‚ independent thinking as well as self-responsibility. Their moral principles are subjectively true and binding. However‚ there are exceptions. If a person is rationally incapable of recognizing moral principles‚ exceptions are made. Cultural relativism is the view that an action is morally right if one’s culture approves of it. However
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being ethical relativism which states that an individual’s beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms of the person’s own culture. This idea explains whether or not morality is only a fragment of a person’s cultural norm instead of anything truly universal. For example‚ in some countries‚ torture‚ racism and sexism is part of the cultural norm compared to some others countries‚ those behaviors are intolerable. The second and the most reasonable one is ethical relativism‚ it explains
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PRESIDENTIAL IMPEACHMENT TRIALS Political and Ethical Aspects By: Cynthia Roberts KAPLAN UNIVERSITY LS500 Legal Method and Process Unit 3 Oct 18‚ 2010 This paper compares and contrasts the political and ethical aspects of the three presidential impeachment trials‚ Andrew Johnson‚ the seventeenth president of the United States‚ William J. Clinton‚ the forty-second‚ and rather than face impeachment and conviction‚ President Richard M. Nixon‚ the thirty-seventh president‚ resigned.
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11346155 Ethical Relativism 1/31/13 Is Ethics universal? Is it wrong to steal from someone regardless of what the culture you are in says on the matter? What about funeral customs? Is there a right or wrong way to deal with the bodies of those who have died? Some philosophers believe that there is no universal right or wrong and that the correct way to do things is based on what the morals of individual cultures say. Others‚ such as James Rachels‚ believe that there is a universal code of
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Is Terrorism Ever Morally Defensible? The term terrorism has many different definitions. The most accurate definition of terrorism is defined as the use of violence and intimidation‚ especially for political purposes.1 Terrorism is based on an act of violence. It kills‚ hurts or injures many people who are innocent for the reason of making a point or for political objectives. Most of the acts of violence caused from terrorism is either manipulated by another person or leader or is intended
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precedents of Islamic jurists (see Sharia and Fiqh)‚ the pre-Islamic Arabian tradition‚ and non-Arabic elements (including Persian and Greek ideas) embedded in or integrated with a generally Islamic structure.Although Muhammad’s preaching produced a "radical change in moral values based on the sanctions of the new religion and the present religion‚ and fear of God and of the Last Judgment"‚ the tribal
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Social responsibility Carroll proposes that the managers of business organizations have four responsibilities: economic‚ legal‚ ethical‚ and discretionary. 1. Economic responsibilities of a business organization’s management are to produce goods and services of value to society so that the firm may repay its creditors and shareholders. 2. Legal responsibilities are defined by governments in laws that management is expected to obey. For example‚ U.S. business firms are required to hire
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1. Explain what is meant by saying that a value is intrinsic? How are instrumental values related to intrinsic values? A value is said to be intrinsic if an object has the value for its own sake or because of its nature. A value is said to be instrumental if it aids in achieving or acquiring something with intrinsic value. For example‚ one’s job could have instrumental value in that it acquires money. Furthermore‚ money could have instrumental value in that it can provide objects from which one
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are nothing more than the ideals of the American institutions and democracy (“New” 966). He also does sound apologetic for the fact the “thinking Negro” has shifted to the left politically‚ and claimed that the New Negro is a “social protestant”‚ radical in terms of race but conservative in others
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