MODULE 5 Models in Curriculum Development INTRODUCTION Curriculum development is concerned with the drawing up of plans for teaching and learning activities in classroom situations that will bring about positive changes in the lives of the learners. It is based on the school’s mission and goals and identifies ways of translating these into a coherent and coordinated program of meaningful experiences and conditions eliciting responses that will lead to the transformation of the learners
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THE CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT PROCESS Curriculum development has no beginning nor end‚ and there is no perfect product for the final curriculum document. Scales (1985) wrote that “in actual practice‚ development and implementation of the curriculum is an integral phenomenon developed in a very integrated and interrelating manner; one component‚ not necessarily springing full grown and naturally from another‚ nor will any single component usually stand without some revision after subsequent parts are
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Put together‚ they are known as the Toyota Production System (TPS)‚ and this radical process innovation strategy‚ though once scoffed upon by many industry insiders‚ has brought the standard of efficiency to new levels. Toyotafs Process Innovation TPS is the essential framework and philosophy organizing Toyotafs manufacturing facilities‚ and the interaction of these facilities with the suppliers and customers. Its main objective is to eliminate Muda‚ ³Ê (waste)‚ a term now familiar even with
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References: Andrew S. Dennis 2001(The Professional Intern Program Level II Report on the Past‚ Present‚ and Future of Procurement Reform at the Organizational Level) Bealy Peter‚ 1998‚ All purchasing Principle and management Dr Shilla P.M and Shirima L.M (2008)‚ Tanzania Procurement Journal vol 1 No 4 Gordon B Davis 1974‚ Management information system‚ foundation Management Development Haaq Cummings‚ Ma Cubberey‚ 2002 Management information system for
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J PROD INNOV MANAG 2010;27:143–160 r 2010 Product Development & Management Association Success in Global New Product Development: Impact of Strategy and the Behavioral Environment of the Firm Ulrike de Brentani‚ Elko J. Kleinschmidt‚ and Soren Salomo ¨ Product innovation and the trend toward globalization are two important dimensions driving business today‚ and a firm’s global new product development (NPD) strategy is a primary determinant of performance. Succeeding in this competitive and
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Initially mobile market in Pakistan was dominated by Nokia. However Samsung has overtaken Nokia and Apple with successive launching of smart phones and become successful in capturing the major portion of smart phones market in Pakistan. In order to collect information for identifying reasons of consistent increase in Samsung Smartphone’s popularity in Pakistan a survey has been conducted. Population consists of all the users of Samsung smart phone live in Pakistan. In this study non-probability sampling
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200 products – focus on niche architecture and customers that value unique‚ high quality over commodities The capability to tailor products to precise customer needs has generated a positive synergy for Samsung allowing the company to charge a premium for their niche component architecture. This competence of creating over 1‚200 different products has given rise to a series of interrelated reactions that are hard to imitate (inimitable) by others but are continually replicated by Samsung (appropriable)
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restructuring that would transform Cisco from a decentralized operation organized around customer groups to a centralized one focused on technologies. This restructuring not only risked destabilizing the large‚ complex organization during an economic downturn‚ but more importantly‚ threatened Cisco’s ability to remain customer-focused‚ a hallmark of the company’s culture and success since its first product was created in 1986. In order to maintain communication and stimulate ongoing collaboration
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References: [1] Waters‚ S. 2013‚ “Retail pricing strategies”< http://retail.about.com/od/marketingsalespromotion/a/product_pricing.htm> [2] Hayes‚ M. 27 December 2012‚ “10 best comparison Shopping engines” [3] Brown‚ G. 2008 - Available: www.salescircular.com [4] Zack‚ J. 2010
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Product vs. Process Writing There are mainly two styles of writing that are often compared. These two styles of writing are called product writing and process writing. Product writing is considered a traditional form of writing. In this style of writing‚ students are usually giving a text and are told to focus on key concept and/or points within the story and elaborate on them. Process writing is a more detailed form of writing. This style of writing requires more planning and is more time consuming
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