following paragraphs the philosophical reasons and punishments for sentencing of criminals will be explained. There are four main philosophical reasons that surround the purposes of sentencing a criminal‚ which are retribution‚ incapacitation‚ deterrence‚ and rehabilitation. First is retribution which is based on a perceived need for vengeance‚ used in the earliest societies. Whereas they believed in punishments to fit the crimes‚ which was stated in the bible. In the “Old Testament dictum of “an
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comes to criminal sentencing: deterrence‚ rehabilitation‚ incapacitation‚ and retribution. Deterrence theory is based on the concept that if the consequences of committing a crime outweigh the benefit of the crime itself‚ the individual will be deterred from committing the crime. (Worrell‚ 2008)Deterrence is generally aimed toward a specific offender. The aim is to inflict a sufficient penalty to discourage the offender from any future behavior. General deterrence aims at society as a whole. By
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There are many theories in criminology and I will compare and contrast two theories which are choice theory and routine activities theory. Both of these theories have motivated offenders with different intentions in mind. Choice theory is the belief that individuals choose to commit a crime for their own personal satisfaction. According to choice theory‚ individuals think about the benefit instead of the punishment of the crime. For an example‚ individuals who engage in dealing drugs are not
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Deterrence operates on both a specific and large scale level. Large scale deterrence‚ also known as general deterrence‚ means that specific punishment prevents other criminals from committing those criminal acts- the punishment serves as an example. Specific deterrence‚ on the other hand‚ is when the punishment stops that single criminal from committing that crime again. The criminal
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bit upset at me.” Approaching the entrance of the ranch‚ Isaac looked at the Tudor house‚ looking at the colorful flowers growing around it. There didn’t seem to be anyone in the house‚ turning his attention to the fields. Some of the Pegasi ate the grass‚ the other ones laid down on the pasture. Isaac’s face beamed‚ rushed to get closer to the fence. Looking over at the wooden fence‚ he tried to get one of them to come towards him. Isaac did his best to try and grab their attention. “Pegasi usually
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kind” (quoted in Costanzo 95). This shows why the act of the death penalty is not a deterrence to future criminals. If an individual truly feels the need to harm someone else‚ he/she will do it regardless of the consequences. By putting a murderer to death the‚ law is killing people‚ an act they are trying to deter people from. Philosopher Emmanuel Kant made an argument stating that killing someone for deterrence is using them as a tool‚ and it is unjust within itself (Pojman 70). Many think
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In a society of numerous irregularities it is necessary of a rule of law when serious offenses are committed upon people. Those serious offenses are of different magnitude‚ but the ones that do violate fundamental and crucial social codes and laws are those who in some cultures should be paid with the ultimate price‚ life. And because of very bitter situation‚ many people find themselves in either supporting or opposing such action. When arguing about the issue of death penalty‚ we touch a very sensitive
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and/or an intensive parole and probation supervision program. A program’s considered ineffective if the program has been found to have a negative impact on juveniles and their recidivism rates. Studies show individuals that attend programs such as deterrence‚ scared straight‚ and programs that teach the juvenile discipline actually increase recidivism in youth; having higher rates of reentering the prison system (Wilson‚ 2011‚ p. 106). Scared straight and boot camp programs focus on scaring the children
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through further research on your own. 1. In the fictional ‘Case of the Speluncean Explorers’‚ Foster‚ J. reasons that punishing the explorers for ‘wilfully taking the life of another’ would be pointless since that would not serve the cause of deterrence. Apart from highlighting the unique situation in which the explorers had found themselves‚ there is also a suggestion that they had regressed back to a ‘state of nature’. Do you find this claim to be a persuasive one? How would you appraise the
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Spread of Nuclear Weapons: A Debate Renewed (New York: W.W. Norton‚ 2002). General Argument: Waltz: Rational deterrence theory: _ There is a fundamental difference between conventional and nuclear worlds. Gradual spread of nuclear weapons is better than no spread or rapid spread. _ Nuclear weapons make war less likely‚ because nuclear weapons encourage both defense and deterrence. The possibility (however remote) and unacceptably high cost of destruction makes states more careful and miscalculation
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