of distillate was collected in the receiving flask. The distillate was added to a separatory funnel to perform an extraction with 5 mL of ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate extract was then dried by adding 0.6102 grams of anhydrous calcium chloride to remove the water. The contents were filtered to remove the anhydrous calcium chloride from the ethyl acetate extract. This liquid contained the extracted limonene‚ and it was placed on a hot plate to boil off the solvent (leaving pure limonene extract
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Textiles are made up from natural or man-made fibres or a combination of both. “Fibres are thin‚ hair-like structures” (Blair‚ n.d: online) that are categorized into two types: long filament fibres and short staple fibres. Natural fibres are usually staple‚ whilst man-made fibres are filament‚ with the exception of silk that comes from a natural source. These raw fibres are spun to produce a long‚ continuous thread referred to as yarn‚ which is then used in a series of methods that include‚ stitching
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solutions were 1.6‚ 2.2‚ 2.9‚ and 3.8. The measured pHs for the acetic acid solutions were 2.9‚ 3.9‚ 4.2‚ and 4.4. The pHs measured for the salts were 4.3 for sodium chloride‚ 7.3 for sodium acetate‚ 8.9 for sodium bicarbonate‚ 10.8 for sodium carbonate‚ 7.9 for ammonium chloride‚ and 6.9 for ammonium acetate. The pH for the buffer solution and the strong acid was 3.9 and the pH for the buffer solution and the strong base was 11.6. The pH of water with the strong acid added was 3.44 and the pH of
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the solution cools and begins to come out of the solution. The acetylsalicylic acid is further purified through recrystallization with ethyl acetate. MATERIALS USED: Test Tubes Pasteur Pipette Salicylic acid acetic anhydride Sulfuric acid 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask Scale Water Hot water bath Ice Bath Buchner Fünnel 1% Ferric Chloride Ethyl acetate Glass Rod Iodine Aspirin Tablet Commercial Aspirin tablet METHODS Part A 1. 2.0 g of salicylic acid was placed in a 125 mL Erlenmeyer
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Presence of nitrogen fixing Klebsiella pneumoniae in the gut of the Formosan subterranean termite (Coptotermes formosanus) (p3297) A Review by: Mark Edge (Faith & Jaelen Love You) Because the Formosan termite is an economically important pest. Researchers are concentrating efforts on understanding the details of their physiology. Before the late 80’s early 90’s not much physiological research was concentrated toward any one species of termite outside of general physical characteristic‚ anatomy
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1.23 NaCl 58.44 1 800.7 36 H2O 18.02 1 0.0 1.00 Experimental procedure: Aspirin (1.30 g ‚ 0.00722 mol)‚ Caffeine (0.00666 g‚ 0.000350 mol) and Salicylamide (0.390 g‚ 0.00284 mol) were combined in a 100 mL beaker. To this beaker‚ ethyl acetate (20 mL) and saturated NaHCO3 (10 mL) were added. The organic and aqueous layers were allowed time to separate before the organic layer was removed and put aside. An additional portion of NaHCO3 solution (10 mL) was added and the separation was repeated
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bridge decks‚ which is a very dangerous effect. In the presentation conclusion it stated that states who use road salts the most are looking into other forms of deicing. Two alternatives being considered are calcium magnesium acetate and potassium acetate. Both have low corrosive capabilities‚ but the one draw back is that they are quite a bit more expensive than sodium chloride. To this day the presentation stated‚ sodium chloride‚ even with all the known adverse effects‚ is still
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16 Application of TLC in the Isolation and Analysis of Flavonoids Marica Medi-Šari‚ Ivona Jasprica‚ c c Ana Mornar‚ and Željan Maleš CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................................................ 405 16.1.1 Chemistry‚ Biochemistry‚ and Medicinal Significance of the Flavonoids.......................................................................... 405 16.1.2 Brief Overview of Use of TLC in the Analysis of Flavonoids in Plants ........
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FEMS Microbiology Reviews 27 (2003) 99^127 www.fems-microbiology.org The microbiology of biological phosphorus removal in activated sludge systems Robert J. Seviour à ‚ Takashi Mino‚ Motoharu Onuki Institute of Environmental Studies‚ Graduate School of Frontier Sciences‚ University of Tokyo‚ 7-3-1 Hongo‚ Bunkyo-ku‚ Tokyo 113‚ Japan Received 11 December 2002; received in revised form 18 February 2003; accepted 20 February 2003 First published online 20 March 2003 Abstract Activated sludge
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The average contents (±SD) of kaurenoic acid in the Araliae Continentalis Radix extract powder were estimated as 1.147±0.008 mg in 1.0054 g‚ usual dose of Araliae Continentalis Radix. Quantification of kaurenoic acid UPLC–MS/MS has been emerging as a powerful analytical technique for the determination of analyte in biological samples to improve sensitivity and selectivity. Herein‚ we developed a simple‚ selective‚ and sensitive bioanalytical UPLC-MS/MS method for the quantification of kaurenoic
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