Extraction of Caffeine from Lipton® Tea Leaves Nathaniel Camangon*‚ Kaila Bumagat‚ Franz Mari Burgos‚ Remigio Callanta Department of Chemistry‚ College of Science‚ University of Santo Tomas‚ Manila‚ Philippines Abstract This experiment mainly focuses on the extraction of pure caffeine by multiple extraction from commercially acquired tea leaves and determining its purity by melting point determination. A 0.02% yield of pure caffeine was obtained from 10.4978g of tea leaves (4 tea bags).
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All about Distillation Distillation is a process that is used to purify a lot of substances on a domestic as well as commercial basis. It is very interesting to know about the process in detail as it is a natural process. The story begins when a liquid or solid state of mater responds to the heat in environment. The heat makes the liquid state or solid state of matter to convert into gas state. Liquid Gas (Vaporization) Solids
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lines. Spectroscopy is the analysis of that emitted light and its dispersion into to it’s component wavelengths and colors. Niels Bohr explained the discrete spectrum of hydrogen by relating it to the electron. Normally the electron in the hydrogen atom is located in the first energy-level. When a hydrogen atom atoms gains energy‚ the electron moves from a lower energy-level to one of higher energy. The energy gained by the atom is exactly the amount of energy needed to move the electron from the
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Spectroscopy of Food Dyes Foods and drinks are identified by two major concepts: shape and color. When individuals want to buy fruit‚ shape and color help determine ripeness and the quantity. These qualities help people spend money efficiently by buying the best fruit‚ or any food for that matter. All foods have preconceived looks‚ and if a food were to not be the same color or a different shape‚ an abnormality is noticed. The Lab Manual provides information that there are nine different FDA approved
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experiment are to understand why and how spectroscopy is used to determine the components and concentrations of a solution‚ describe various types of spectroscopy‚ describe the visible and ultraviolet regions of the electromagnetic spectrum‚ define Beer’s law and define the relationship between absorbance and transmittance. Other learning objectives are to create a Beer’s law plot for a series of samples with known concentrations‚ collect spectrophotomic data from unknown and known FDC blue dye samples
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FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION October 29‚ 2012 CHEM 210 ME01 INTRODUCTION The process of separating the components of a mixture by distillation into relatively pure fractions is referred to as fractional distillation. Simple distillation‚ a process with similar goals‚ is noted for being a satisfactory attempt at separating two components in an ideal mixture‚ but not as accurate as fractional distillation. To explore these statements further‚ there needs to be an in depth look at the theory that
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FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION *Ibale‚ I.‚ Ibanez‚ E.‚ Jao‚ E.‚ Joson‚ E.‚ Juanico‚ R. 2D Pharmacy‚ Faculty of Pharmacy‚ University of Santo Tomas Abstract Distillation is a commonly used method for separating mixtures based on differences in the conditions required to change the phase of components of the mixture. The product obtained by distillation is called the distillate. Volatility is the property of changing readily from a solid or liquid to a vapor. There are two types of distillation‚ simple
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f Fractional Distillation of a Solution Results 1. On a single graph‚ plot boiling point versus volume of distillate curves for the two distillations of the cyclohexane/toluene solutions (one from the simple distillation experiment and one from the fractional distillation experiment). The graph is to be computer generated and presentation quality (e.g.‚ appropriately scaled and labeled axes‚ descriptive title‚ and discernable data points). The data points are to be connected with a smooth
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Questions: 1. One mole of a compound A‚ with vapor pressure 400mmHg at 50oC‚ mixed with 3 moles of compound B‚ with vapor pressure 480mmHg at 50oC to form a homogeneous solution. What is the vapor pressure of mixture at 50oC? XA =moles of A\total No. of moles XA =1\4 XB=3\4 Ptotal=PAoXA+PBoXB =400*1\4 + 480*3\4 = 460mmHg 2. Why should a distilling flask be filled not less than 1\3 filled or more than 2\3 full? This is to allow the liquid being heated room to expand as it turns
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I. Introduction Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture into its fractional parts that entails many concurrent vaporization-condensation cycles. This works because of different boiling points of individual substances. The temperature of the fractional distillation column decreases as its length increases. A higher boiling point component condenses on the column and returns to the solution whereas the lower boiling point component passes through the column and is collected in a receiver
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