Exercise 5 INTRODUCTION TO STEREOCHEMISTRY I. Introduction Stereochemistry is concerned with the shapes of molecules and how the differences in shapes can effect the properties and reactions of compounds. Subtle differences in molecular shape have far – reaching consequences and it is probably the field of molecular biology that a full awareness of molecular shapes has emerged. A knowledge of the molecular shapes of such vital compounds as sugars‚ amino acids‚ and proteins is essential
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Chemistry : Important Questions For CBSE Class XII ( Haloalkanes and Haloarenes) (Q.1) Choose the incorrect statement about the benzyl chloride: ( 1 mark ) (a) It is less reactive than alkyl halides. (b) It can be oxidized to benzaldehyde by boiling with copper nitrate solution. (c) It is a lachrymatory liquid and answers beilstein’s test. (d) It gives a white precipitate with alcoholic silver nitrate (Q.2) Dry ether The reaction RX + 2Na + RX _______________? R-R + 2NaXis called. ( 1 mark
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chain alcohols are soluble in water‚ whereas the longer chain alcohols are insoluble in water. In general a molecule which is more compact (i.e.‚ more branched) will be more soluble in water and will have a lower boiling point than the straight chain isomer. Phenols are aromatic alcohols‚ in which R is an aromatic ring. This experiment will demonstrate some of the properties of alcohols and phenols. Although alkyl alcohols have an -OH group‚ they do not ionize in water‚ whereas phenols ionize like acids
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Reporter: Instructor: Prof Susana D. Torres Section: 2ChE-C Date Performed: December 17‚ 2013 Group No.: 8 Date Submitted: January 6‚ 2014 Experiment 4: Extraction and Chromatic Separation of Plant Pigments from Tomato Paste ABSTRACT In column chromatography a mixture is
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each carbon in a polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketone structure‚ except for the carbonyl functional group (in yellow)‚ bears a hydroxyl (OH) functional group (in green). Polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones with the same number of carbons are structural isomers of each other. CH. Generally‚ Carbohydrates are classified as: monosaccharides (and their derivatives)‚ oligosaccharides‚ and polysaccharides. The monosaccharides are also called
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1.1 BACKGROUND Every activity in modern life is influenced by plastics and many depend entirely on plastic products due to their useful material properties and low production costs. Almost every product is constituted of some kind of polymer; however‚ traditional synthetic polymers (often called plastics)‚ such as polypropylene and polyethylene‚ are derived from non-renewable petrochemicals and are not readily biodegradable (http://www.plastice.org/ fileadmin/files/Brochure_teachers.pdf). The need
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1. Introduction Toxicology is defined as "the study of the adverse effects of chemical‚ physical or biological agents on living organisms and the ecosystem" and is based on the 16th century principle that any substance can be toxic if consumed in sufficient quantity. In a general sense‚ the toxicity of a substance could be defined as the capacity to cause injury to a living organism. [1] A highly toxic substance will damage an organism if administered in very small amounts; a substance of low toxicity
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CHROMOTOGRAPHY Chromatography is used to separate mixtures of substances into their components. All forms of chromatography work on the same principle that they all have a stationary phase (a solid or a liquid supported on a solid) and a mobile phase where liquid or a gas is involved. The mobile phase flows through the stationary phase and carries the components of the mixtures with it. Different components travel at different rates. In paper chromatography‚ the stationary phase is a very uniform
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diisocyanate‚ characterized by a (NCO) group‚ which is a highly reactive alcohol. Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is produced by chemically adding nitrogen groups on toluene‚ reacting these with hydrogen to produce a diamine‚ and separating the undesired isomers. The other reacting species required to produce polyurethanes are
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Column Chromatography ________________________________________________ You have already performed two chromatography experiments: gas chromatography and thin layer chromatography. All chromatography experiments involve passing a mixture of analytes through a system that includes a mobile phase and a stationary phase. The partitioning of the analytes between these two phases determines the rate at which they pass through the system‚ and (in theory) allows them to be separated from one another. Column
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