substances. MDMA has the full chemical name of ’3‚4 Methylene-dioxy-N-methyl amphetamine ’ or ’Methylenedioxymethamphetamine ’. The 3‚4 indicates the way in which the components of the molecule are joined together‚ as it is possible to produce an isomer‚ which has all the same components but is joined differently. Although it is derived from organic material‚ MDMA itself does not occur in nature‚ and must be created in a complex laboratory process. There are various popular street names for MDMA
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General Features of Oxidative Additions Oxidative addition reactions usually involve a coordinatively unsaturated 16-electron metal complex or five-coordinate 18-electron species‚ and take the general from: [pic] If the A and B ligands in the product are considered to be formally –1‚ then the metal center has increased its oxidation state by +2‚ and this is the origin of the name oxidative addition. Oxidative reaction can occur when a metal complex
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Steam Distillation of Lemongrass Oil I. Introduction When a mixture of cyclohexane and toluene is distilled‚ the boiling point of these two miscible liquids is between the boiling points of each of the pure components. By contrast‚ if a mixture of benzene and water (Immiscible liquids) is distilled‚ the boiling point of the mixture will be found below the boiling point of each pure component. Since the two liquids are essentially insoluble in each other‚ the benzene molecules in a droplet of
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List of Chemistry Terms used in daily life α (alpha)‚ β (beta) α- (β-‚ γ-) ray spectrometer α-addition (alpha-addition) α-cleavage (alpha-cleavage) α-decay (alpha-decay) α-effect α-elimination α-expulsion in photochemistry α-oxo carbenes α-particle (alpha-particle) ’A’ value -factorquantity ab initio quantum mechanical methods abatement in atmospheric chemistry abeo- abiological abiotic abiotic transformation absolute activation analysis absolute activity‚ quantity absolute
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B.Sc. First Year Semester – I Paper I .Fundamentals of Microbiology Credit - 1 1 Scope & relevance of Microbiology i) ii) iii) Definition & concepts Types of microorganism Distribution of microorganisms in nature 2. Development of Microbiology as a Scientific Discipline 1.1 History i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi) Credit – 2 Early observation of microorganisms Spontaneous generation conflict : Contribution of scientists Recognition of the microbial role in diseases. Koch’s postulates Recognition of microbial
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three methyl substituents connected to positions one‚ two‚ and three around a benzene ring made of six carbons (see Figure 1) (Helmenstine 1). There are three different isomers of trimethylbenzene. The first one is 1‚2‚3 and is called Hemellitol‚ the second one is 1‚2‚4- and is named Pseudocumene‚ and the last one is the 1‚3‚5-isomer discussed in this report (“Mesitylene” 1). The melting point of 1‚3‚5-TMB is -45 degrees C and the boiling point is 164.5 degrees C. The density of this compound is 0
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ups Identifying food groups in unknown solutions Aim The aim of this experiment is to identify different food groups within several different unknown solutions. This will be carried out by placing the unknown solutions into separate test tubes and using different chemical indicators to see if any reactions occur. Each food group will act different when the chemical indicator is added‚ some will change colour while others will separate. Introduction Food is a vital source of energy that is
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Acknowledgement I would like to express my gratitude to the people who have helped me most. I am mostly grateful to my subject teacher (Mr. Prakash C. Bhattarai) for nonstop support. I wish to thank my parents for their personal support or attention who inspired me to go my own way. A special thank of mine my friends who treasured me for my hard work and encouraged me and finally to God who made all the things possible for me till the end. Executive summary Gold is a chemical element with
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In regard to dahi‚ several factors make it a good carrier for probiotics. Dahi possesses a positive health image‚ has a long history of safe use and is liked by people belonging to all age groups and in different regions. Hence‚ administration of probiotic organisms becomes easy through this product. Moreover‚ the technological reasons also exist for the use of dairy products as carriers for probiotics. The technologies involved in the making of dahi like fermented products are optimized to some
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Laboratory Experiment pubs.acs.org/jchemeduc NMR Kinetics of the SN2 Reaction between BuBr and I−: An Introductory Organic Chemistry Laboratory Exercise T. Andrew Mobley* Department of Chemistry‚ Grinnell College‚ Grinnell‚ Iowa 50112‚ United States S Supporting Information * ABSTRACT: A simple organic chemistry experiment is described that investigates the kinetics of the reaction between 1-bromobutane (BuBr) and iodide (I−) as followed by observing the disappearance of BuBr and the appearance
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