bodies cells choose to get the energy that they need using oxygen to fuel metabolism. During an aerobic activity the muscle cells can contract repeatedly without fatigue. During anaerobics the muscle cell doesn’t rely on oxygen to fuel the muscle contractions. It relies on its natural body chemicals. Aerobics is a low to moderate exercise that lasts longer than ninety seconds. Anaerobic is a medium to high intensity exercise that lasts no longer than two minutes. Aerobic exercise tones you muscles
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Fluid and Electrolytes Homeostasis t State of equilibrium in internal environment of body‚ naturally maintained by adaptive responses that promote healthy survival t Body fluids and electrolytes play an important role Water Content of the Body t Accounts for 60% of body weight in adult t 70-80% of body weight in infant t Varies with gender‚ body mass‚ and age Compartments t Intracellular fluid (ICF) t Extracellular fluid (ECF) l Intravascular (plasma) l Interstitial t Transcellular
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which results in stiffness and reduced flexibility of the tendons and increases the chance of injury (Witvrouw et al.‚ 2004). Sections of evidence have supported the use of PNF techniques compared to the other techniques due to using alternating contractions and straining the stretch-reflex complex‚ therefore allowing high energy absorption. (Shellock & Prentice.‚ 1985). Although there has been high amounts of research in this area there are no conclusive statements on the relationship between stretching
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Physiology Chooljian Lecture Exam #3 Review FIRST: Be sure to: Study chapter objectives‚ summaries‚ and reviews Review your lecture notes ANS Define: denervation hypersensitivity‚ ganglia‚ mass activation‚ sympathoadrenal system‚ dual innervation. What are the two divisions of the ANS? Where are the neurons for each division located‚ and what is the major function of each division? What type of neurons (sensory or motor) are in the ANS? What are the names for the two
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lab. Pearson Zao‚ P.‚ Stabler‚ T.‚ Smith‚ L.‚ Lokuta‚ A.‚ Griff‚ E. (2014). PhysioEx 9.0 Laboratory Simulations in Physiology. Pearson. Online Material: Course announcements‚ lecture notes‚ grades‚ and lab handouts will be available on Blackboard and Mastering AandP. It is REQUIRED that you print lab handouts to bring with you to lab for all lab assignments other than PAL and PhysioEx labs. PAL and PhysioEx labs are to be completed online and are also available to you in paper format in
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CHAPTER 3: THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM Three Types of Muscle * Muscle tissue is a collection of cells that shorten during contraction which create tension that results in movement * Tendons are touch bands of connective tissue that join muscle with bones Skeletal muscles * Muscles that are attached to bone (by tendons and other tissue) * Comprise 30 to 40% of human body weight * Humans have conscious control (conscious muscle) over these muscles (the brain can tell them what to do)
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(ACh) in a skeletal muscle contraction? 6. Describe the process of excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle fibers. 7. Describe the three phases of a skeletal muscle twitch. 8. Does the duration of the latent period change with different stimulus voltages? 9. At the threshold stimulus‚ do sodium ions start to move into or out of the cell to bring about the membrane depolarization? ACTIVITY 2: The Effect of Stimulus Voltage on Skeletal Muscle Contraction 10. The threshold voltage
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FACTORS AFFECTING PERFORMANCE How does training affect performance? • energy systems anaerobic Alactacid (ATP/PC) Lactic acid Aerobic Process An explosive movement causes the ATP to ‘split’‚ providing energy for muscular contraction Anaerobic glycolysis – degradation of glucose without using oxygen Aerobic metabolism – breakdown of fuel in the presence of oxygen to produce ATP Source of fuel Creatine phosphate Carbohydrate Carbohydrate‚ fat and protein ATP production Rapidly
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Instructor Guide to Text and Media Human Anatomy & Physiology Eighth Edition Theresa Bissell Ivy Tech Community College Laura Steele Ivy Tech Community College Benjamin Cummings San Francisco Boston New York Cape Town Hong Kong London Madrid Mexico City Montreal Munich Paris Singapore Sydney Tokyo Toronto Editor-in-Chief: Serina Beauparlant Assistant Editor: Nicole Graziano Managing Editor: Wendy Earl Production Editor: Leslie Austin Copyeditor: Anna Reynolds Trabucco Compositor:
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twitch- a brief contraction of all the muscle fibers in a motor unit in response to a single action potential in its motor neuron. A twitch has three phases. Latent‚ contraction‚ and relaxation phase Electrical stimulus- used to control muscle contractions Latent period- the period of time that elapses between the generation of an action potential in a muscle cell and the start of a muscle contraction 5. What is the role of acetylcholine (ACh) in a skeletal muscle contraction? Acetylcholine
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