AUDIT EXPECTATION GAP The phrase "Audit Expectations Gap" was first introduced into the literature over thirty five years ago‚ by Liggio (1974)‚ under the Cohen Commission. It was defined as the difference between the levels of expected performance "as envisioned by the independent accountant and by the user of financial statements" The term ‘expectation gap’ is commonly utilized to describe the situation whereby a difference in expectation exists between a group with a certain expertise‚ and
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Solutions for Jack Nelson’s Problem Question 1: What do you think is causing some of the problems in the bank’s home office and branches? Answer: There are some problems in bank’s home office and branches. These problems have some cause. From what I noticed from the case above‚ there are mainly three problems that caused the problem in the bank’s home office and branches. Firstly‚ the home office does not provide any training for employees. That’s why when Jack Nelson was introduced to the entire
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the annual report and according to the notes of the report‚ the market fair value was really close to its book value and thus here I use its book value. Jack in the Box didn’t issue any preferred equity‚ so here is zero. Graph 3 I calculate the leverage ratio using total debt divided by total equity. It showed that the lev-erage ratio of Jack in the Box decreased in re-cent years. The ratio is below one and shows a conservative attitude in operation and may slow down the growth of the company
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EXAMPLE AUDIT ENGAGEMENT LETTER This example engagement letter is intended solely for general educational purposes. It is not intended for the purpose of providing specific legal‚ accounting‚ or other professional advice to any particular recipient or with respect to any particular jurisdiction. The author‚ publisher‚ and distributor of this document (1) make no representations‚ warranties‚ or guarantees as to its technical accuracy or compliance with any law ( federal‚ state‚ or local) or professional
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Marketing Audit Report on Hot n Spicy- Group Case Study Submitted by: Zhang Lin (4341958) Saltanat Yelgonova (4630014) Waqas Nadir (4634305) Sara Al Zaabi (4619961) Sagar Patel (4632618) Submitted to: Dr. Prakash Vel University of Wollongong Dubai 1 Table of contents 1. Executive summary ......................................................................................................................... 1 2. Introduction to the restaurant industry ..................
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Audit Quality and Audit Firm Size: Revisited by Dan A. Simunic The University of British Columbia December‚ 2003 Background: 1. Audit quality is an important element of corporate governance – although it’s unclear whether audit quality and other aspects of corporate governance (e.g. director knowledge and independence) are fundamentally complements or substitutes. 2. Notion that audit quality varies systematically across classes of audit firms (now Big 4 vs. non-Big 4) has been
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Week 5 Assignment 1. In auditing the long-term investments account‚ an auditor is unable to obtain audited financial statements for an investee located in a foreign country. The auditor concludes that sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding this investment cannot be obtained. a. F. Either a disclaimer of opinion or an “except for” qualified opinion. –If the auditor is unable to obtain financial statements for an investee it is considered a scope limitation in which either a qualified
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Theories of auditing There are several different theories that may explain the demand for audit services. Some of them are well known in research and some of them are more based on perceptions. Figure 1 illustrates four audit theories according to Hayes et al. (2005). The policeman theory claims that the auditor is responsible for searching‚ discovering and preventing fraud. In the early 20thcentury this was certainly the case. However‚ more recently the main focus of auditors has been to provide
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WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on BUSINESS and ECONOMICS Elissaveta Gourova‚ Albena Antonova‚ Yanka Todorova Knowledge audit concepts‚ processes and practice ELISSAVETA GOUROVA Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics Sofia University 125‚ Tzarigradsko shosse Blvd.‚ bl. 2‚ Sofia BULGARIA elis@fmi.uni-sofia.bg http://www.fmi.uni-sofia.bg ALBENA ANTONOVA Centre for Information Society Technologies Sofia University 125‚ Tzarigradsko shosse Blvd. bl. 2 fl. 3 BULGARIA a_antonova@fmi.uni-sofia.bg http://www-it
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|4 Quality Management System |Observation/Comments |Results | |4.1 General Requirements | | | |Has your organization established a management system (QMS) |The QMS system applies to all major processes throughout the company | | |giving consideration to:
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