CHARACTERISTIC OF BONDS AND STOCKS 1.0 Bonds A bond is a promissory note issued by a business or a governmental unit. Treasury bonds‚ sometimes referred to as government bonds‚ are issued by the Federal government and are not exposed to default risk. Corporate bonds are issued by corporations and are exposed to default risk. Different corporate bonds have different levels of default risk‚ depending on the issuing company ’s characteristics and on the terms of the specific bond. Municipal bonds are issued
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This examination paper must be returned intact. No part may be removed from the examination room. Family name: …………………………………..…. Other names: ……………………………………… Student ID: …………………………..…………….. AFIN 253 Financial Management MID-SEMESTER TEST: TUESDAY 10th APRIL 2012 Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes plus 10 minutes reading time. Instructions 1. Writing is not permitted in reading time. All pens‚ pencils and highlighters must be on your desk. 2. Part A - There are 15 multiple choice questions worth
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RATES AND BOND VALUATION L E A R N I N G LG1 Describe interest rate fundamentals‚ the term structure of interest rates‚ and risk premiums. LG2 Review the legal aspects of bond financing and bond cost. LG3 LG4 Discuss the general features‚ quotations‚ ratings‚ popular types‚ and international issues of corporate bonds. LG5 LG6 G O A L S Apply the basic valuation model to bonds and describe the impact of required return and time to maturity on bond values. Explain
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Covalent Bonds Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons‚ one from each atom in a single bond‚ to form electron pairs‚ usually making their outermost shells up to eight electrons by this means. This would make them more stable‚ less reactive and an electronic structure like a noble gas. They are most frequently formed between pairs of non-metallic elements. Non-metallic elements usually have from four to eight electrons in their outermost shells‚ the so-called valency electrons‚ which
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Bond Interest and Principal Payments A bond is a type of long-term debt that is issued by a corporation and is purchased by an investor for cash. A formal contract is issued by the corporation that states the legal terms of the bond. The advantages of issuing a bond from a corporation is that the ownership interest of the bondholders will not be diluted and those bonds are available at lower costs than the common stocks available. After a bond is issued by the corporation‚ the bondholder is promised
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Bonds Are Big Reasons the U.S. government might issue bonds are to finance the federal deficit by selling Treasury securities through public auctions. The U.S. government also issues bonds to provide fixed-income securities. Reasons the local government might issue bonds are to better improve things that benefit the community. For example‚ Build‚ repair‚ or improve streets‚ highways‚ hospitals‚ schools‚ and etc. Furthermore‚ bonds are issued to cover the funding of courthouses‚ schools‚ and municipal
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CHEMICAL BONDS Chemical Bonds I. Introduction Chemical compounds are formed by the joining of two or more atoms. A stable compound occurs when the total energy of the combination has lower energy than the separated atoms. The bound state implies a net attractive force between the atoms called a chemical bond. The two extreme cases of chemical bonds are the covalent bonds and ionic bonds. Covalent bonds are bonds in which one or more pairs of electrons are shared by two atoms. Covalent bonds‚ in
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Topic 2 Bond market developments Overview Financial markets have been subject to significant changes in recent years due to the credit crisis. Experts believed that risk was being under-priced‚ which was expressed in the markets by a narrow spread. They believed that once the market corrected this under-pricing and re-priced the risk‚ it would likely cause a dislocation in financial markets by overshooting its equilibrium. Hence the prices‚ yields and returns on bonds have been significantly
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international workshop on the development of bond market in Bangladesh. Bond markets link issuers having long-term financing needs with investors willing to place funds in long-term‚ interest-bearing securitiBangladeshes. has both the issuers and the investors in place but it still has not been able to link them effectively through a bond market. The positive effect of developing a domestic bond market on the economy is well-known. On the one hand‚ bond markets are essential for a country to
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their loans. The banks that profit on these interest payments and the businesses use the loans to generate more income for themselves. Since money market accounts are frequently used in mutual funds‚ you can easily enter into buying stock shares or a bond fund. Question #10 Which of the money market securities is the most liquid and considered the most risk free? Why? -The U.S. Treasury Bill or T-bills are sold by the government to raise money. They are the most marketable securities in the money
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