importantly‚ resilience of Americas next best secret ..the black ghetto" (Dawsey‚ 1994). Hip-hop/rap culture is a resistance culture. Thus rap music is not only an African American expressive cultural phenomenon; it is at the same time‚ a resisting discourse‚ a set of communicative practices that constitute a text of resistance against White America’s racism and its Eurocentric cultural dominance (Smitherman‚ 7). The African American community has a unique way of
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Topic: Investigating the Language of Tourism Discourse in Thailand Travel Brochure Literature Review 1. Background Theory Tourism has become one of the most important businesses throughout the world and tourism discourse has become one of the most common public discourses‚ with millions of people taking part in its structure when entering a numerous of communicative situations. People‚ culture‚ landscape‚ history‚ traditions‚ and other social and natural entities have been offered and
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Defining Applied Linguistics and its scope Applied linguistics it seems to be a not very easy concept to define‚ because many people would think different things when it comes to applied linguistics. Indeed‚ for many years those who carry out applied linguistics seem do not agree upon a universal definition. However‚ what it is true for all of them is the fact that there is a gap that needs to be filled in terms of defining applied linguistics. The definition of the problem is probably due to
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Historical Linguistics Sound change based on Campbell (2004) Introduction: The sounds of languages tend to change overtime. The question‚ then‚ is what kinds of sound change take place? Kinds of sound change 1. Regular or sporadic 2. Conditioned or unconditioned 3. Phonemic or non-phonemic 1- Regular or sporadic In general ‘sound laws admit of no exceptions’. That is‚ a change will take place wherever the sound which undergoes the change is found in the environment that conditions
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Chapter 4: Linguistic Typology Chapter 4 Linguistic typology 4.1 Introduction Simply speaking‚ the study of universals is concerned with what human languages have in common‚ while the study of typology deals with ways in which languages differ from each other. This contrast‚ however‚ is not sharp. When languages differ from each other‚ the variation is not random‚ but subject to limitations. Linguistic typology is not only concerned with variation‚ but also with the limitations on the degree
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AND LITERATURE (PHD PROGRAM) LINGUISTICS DR VEYSEL KILIÇ ESMA ŞENEL Y1112.620021 HISTORY OF LINGUISTICS Linguistics as a study endeavors to describe and explain the human faculty of language. The history of linguistics is a branch of intellectual history‚ for it deals with history of ideas- ideas about language- and not directly with language itself (Law‚ 2003‚ p.2). Many histories of linguistics have been written over the last two
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Book Review: An Introduction to Sytemic Functional Linguistics‚2nd Edition An introduction to systemic functional linguistics‚ 2nd edition‚ is an updated overview of the concepts and methods of linguistic analysis in the framework developed by M.A.K. Halliday. The book introduces the concepts and demonstrates how the techniques of systemic functional linguistic theory can be applied to the analysis of texts. Written in ascending order‚ the book begins with the general understanding of language
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The topic of seminar: The main trends of Cognitive Linguistics in works of foreign (American and European) scientists Problem task: What principles of cognitive linguistics did G. Lakoff pay much attention at ? Describe his idea. Describe the study of spatial relationships and types of movement in the conceptualization of language‚ the concept of imaginative schemes and types of schemes. Describe the study of body based consciousness and language of humans. The idea of the concept of embodiment
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STRUCTURALISM IN LINGUISTICS Introduction It is not my purpose here to give a historical treatment of linguistic ideas‚ nor it to distinguish and analyze the various approaches and schools of thought generally subsumed under the heading of Structuralism. Rather‚ I propose to look at the general features characterizing structuralism as seen and treated by structuralists and further to see how it has come to be viewed by Chomsky and other transformationalists. Structuralism in linguistics has come to
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1 Linguistics and sociolinguistics It is difficult to see adequately the functions of language‚ because it is so deeply rooted in the whole of human behaviour that it may be suspected that there is little in the functional side of our conscious behaviour in which language does not play its part. Sapir (1933) Language is a complicated business. In everyday talk‚ we use the word ‘language’ in many different ways. It isn’t clear how ‘language’ should be defined or what the person on the street thinks
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