Herbert Marcuse begins his 1969 essay on freedom and liberation this way – dedicating his words and his theories to the militants around the country who have taken their freedom and their future into their own hands. They have hit the turning point‚ what Marcuse calls “the Great Refusal‚” the moment of recognizing societal repression in a complex capitalist system and attempting to put an end to it. They took the idea of revolution and put it where it belongs‚ into the dimension of liberation; they
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Thomas Hobbes‚ John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau are three vital political thinkers who have made a distinctive contribution and finest exemplar to the idea on state of nature and the social contract. Prior to the establishment of the social contract‚ men lived in the condition termed as the state of nature. Heywood (2013) defines state of nature as a society without the presence of any political authority and of legal checks on each individual to regulate them. These political thinkers however
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Liberty‚ property‚ equality‚ fraternity‚ uniformity‚ utility‚ popular sovereignty; these are just some words that best describe the aims and principles of the French Revolution. Did Napoleon Bonaparte I‚ Emperor of France‚ hinder‚ maintain‚ or in fact ‘further’ the aims of the revolution?‚ this is a question in which many historians argue about and can come to no definitive answer. First of all‚ in an economic sense‚ Napoleon definitely followed some of the earlier revolutionary principles in
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The lack of an impartial judge is a defining characteristic of the state of nature‚ and this lack of a common judge can lead to confusion and violence therefore leading to the state of war. The state of nature and the state of war are not two separate concepts but the state of nature has the fundamental problem and civil government is the solution for the problems of the state of nature. After analyzing how Locke and Hobbes understand the state of nature it is evident that they share many ideas
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The daily assignment I did was a packet titled “The Enlightenment Philosophers: What was their Main Idea?” This packet is a Mini Document Based Question- also called a Mini-Q- which is used to enhance our understanding on a certain topic that we are learning. In this case‚ the Mini-Q provided me with information on the philosophies of some influential philosophers during the Enlightenment period. These philosophers are: John Locke‚ Voltaire‚ Adam Smith‚ and Mary Wollstonecraft. In the Mini-Q there
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What do you understand by civil society? Describe the main trends that describe the relationship between state and civil society. Civil society is the arena outside of the family‚ the state‚ and the market where people associate to advance common interests. It is sometimes considered to include the family and the private sphere and then referred to as the "third sector" of society‚ distinct from government and business. Sometimes the term is used in the more general sense of "the
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In the book Anthem‚ by Ayn Rand‚ there is a man‚ Equality 7-2521‚ who unknowingly wishes to be himself in a world that only sees mankind as one body‚ and all men are forced to follow this herd mentality. As the book progresses‚ Equality 7-2521 finds freedom in a secret‚ underground tunnel. Equality is allowed time to learn about the scientific world around him and he finds joy in this. It seems as if he is motivated to make himself happy or to better the world for all men‚ but this is not the case
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My introduction would be that Lincoln used “Doorways” to get to different world. This doorway idea is trying to show how Lincoln used the books he read and had access to widen his view of the world and better himself at the same time‚ and at the same time these doorways are not just books‚ they are also can mean people like Jack Kelso and the people of New Salem. That these “Doorways” improved his life and help make him the man that he will later become. This is the outline of my presentation the
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Looking how each of these philosophers looked at a social contract‚ both Hobbes and Locke had different views on a social contract then we believe it to be. Social contract is how people decide to have a government and talks about how much authority can the government have over the people. Some similarities are to prevent violence against fellow citizens. For Tomas Hobbes‚ this means curbing the natural state of chaos. For John Locke‚ this means preventing any and all violations of individual rights
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Freedom and Liberty The three philosophers Simone de Beauvoir‚ Jean-Paul Sartre‚ and Hannah Arendt all have opinions and viewpoints about the ideas freedom and liberty. This paper will examine relevant passages from Beauvoir’s The Second Sex‚ Sartre’s Existentialism and Human Emotions‚ and Arendt’s What is Freedom. Along with looking at the three texts‚ the philosopher’s views on freedom and liberty will be examined‚ as well as my own personal thoughts. Out of the three views of freedom‚ I would
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