THEORIES OF SOCIAL CHANGE ANTHROPOLOGY‚ PSYCHOLOGY & SOCIOLOGY By: Tea Celik ANTHROPOLOGY Diffusion: the spread of cultural items from one culture to another such as ideas‚ religion‚ styles‚ technology Example: The San smoked tobacco even though it was not of their original culture. The Europeans imported the tobacco from North America in the 17th century. Acculturation: results in a prolonged contact between two cultures. One culture may force their customs on another like the Europeans
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Social structure is defined as the patterned societal arrangements which are both emergent from and determinant of the actions of all individuals (Crossman‚ 2016). Although it is generally agreed that the term social structure refers to consistencies in social life‚ the term is sometimes wrongly applied when other concepts such as the term norm/normative would be more accurate (Encyclopedia Britannica‚ 2015). Gender‚ alike all social identities‚ is socially constructed. Social constructionism is
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Social Intelligence Theory What is Social Intelligence (SI)? Social Intelligence (SI) is the ability to get along well with others‚ and to get them to cooperate with you. Sometimes referred to simplistically as "people skills‚" SI includes an awareness of situations and the social dynamics that govern them‚ and a knowledge of interaction styles and strategies that can help a person achieve his or her objectives in dealing with others. It also involves a certain amount of self-insight and a consciousness
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Social Theories of Aging Introduction The fundamental biological problem that all theories of aging seek to explain was stated very elegantly in 1957 by Williams when he wrote‚ "It is indeed remarkable that after a seemingly miraculous feat of morphogenesis‚ a complex metazoan should be unable to perform the much simpler task of merely maintaining what is already formed." The difficulty in attempting to establish an understanding of aging is that it is not a single physiological process. It is
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The Social Exchange Theory was created by researchers John W. Thibaut and Harold H. Kelley‚ was an attempt to everyday interpersonal relationships. This theory‚ with backgrounds in sociology and economics‚ appeals to so many because of it simple answers to human interaction and intentions. The social exchange theory is very rational and considers humans to be rational in every thought they make. It examines human behavior through costs and benefits of being in a particular relationship. The theory
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Founder of the theory The founders of the theory were Irwin Altman and Dalmas Taylor. Altman is a distinguished professor of psychology at the University of Utah whereby Taylor is a professor of psychology at the University of Texas‚ Arlington. Altman and Taylor developed this theory to provide an understanding of the closeness between two individuals. Apparently‚ social penetration is defined as a process that moves a relationship from non-intimate to intimate. The theory states that this
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A social identity is an element of a person’s self-concept‚ which is a derivative of a supposed membership in a certain significant social group. The social identity theory‚ as at first put together by John Turner and Henri Tajfel in the 70s and 80s‚ was able to introduce the idea of a social identity as a means in which to give an explanation about inter-group behavior (Kolak & Martin‚ 1991). The social identity theory can best be described as a speculation‚ which is able to predict specific inter-group
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criminology is a theoretical perspective in criminology which takes a conflict perspective‚ such as marxism‚ feminism‚ political economy theory or critical theory. The focus of critical criminology is the genesis of crime and nature of ‘justice’ within a structure of class and status inequalities. Law and punishment of crime are viewed as connected to a system of social inequality and as the means of producing and perpetuating this inequality.[1] Critical criminology sees crime as a product of oppression
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Theory of Social Development Full Outline of the Theory in Brief N. Asokan Table of Contents Chapter I Introduction Chapter II Infrastructure Chapter III Levels of Comprehension‚ Enjoyment‚ Values‚ Attitudes and Motives Chapter IV Model of Nine Levels of Growth Chapter V Conclusion Chapter I Introduction For the scholar‚ development is a particular activity of society seen in certain periods. For the social being it is an ever-present‚ non-stop activity
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Classical social theory Main article: History of sociology The first “modern” social theories (known as classical theories) that begin to resemble the analytic social theory of today developed almost simultaneously with the birth of the science of sociology. Auguste Comte (1798–1857)‚ known as the "father of sociology" and regarded by some as the first philosopher of science‚[4] laid the groundwork for positivism - as well as structural functionalism and social evolutionism. In the 19th century
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