was divided along religious lines into the Dominions of India and Pakistan; the partition was accompanied by violent riots and mass casualties‚ and the displacement of nearly 15 million people due to sectarian violence. On 17 Aug 1947‚ Jawaharlal Nehru‚ who had become the first Prime Minister of India that day‚ raised the Indian national flag above the Lahore Gate of the Red Fort in Delhi. On each subsequent Independence Day‚ the Prime Minister has raised the flag and given a speech. The holiday
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IIndian nationalism Indian nationalism refers to the many underlying forces that molded the Indian independence movement‚ and strongly continue to influence the politics of India‚ as well as being the heart of many contrasting ideologies that have caused ethnic and religious conflict in Indian society. Indian nationalism often imbibes the consciousness of Indians that prior to 1947‚ India embodied the broader Indian subcontinent and influenced a part of Asia‚ known as Greater India. National
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the establishment of two separate parties‚ which were congress and the Muslim league. Source 1 is a contemporary source written by Nehru in 1909 in a private letter to his son. The source was written at the time of the partition of Bengal and the publishing of the Indians council Act 1909. The provenance of the source suggests that the source will be biased as Nehru later went on to become nationalist leader and by 1919 he was a member of congress‚ so he would have held views that were supportive
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Mahatma Gandhi: (2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) (Father of the Nation‚ Rashtrapita‚ राष्ट्रपिता) was the pre-eminent political and spiritual leader of India during the Indian independence movement. He was the pioneer of satyagraha—resistance to tyranny through mass civil disobedience‚ firmly founded upon ahimsa or total non violence—which led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. Gandhi led nationwide campaigns to ease poverty‚ expand women
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worldwide‚ operating 600 missions‚ schools and shelters in 120 countries. Her work has been recognised and acclaimed throughout the world and she has received a number of awards and distinctions‚ including the Pope John Paul xx111 Peace Prize‚ 1971‚ the Nehru Prize for her promotion of international peace and understanding‚ 1972. After Mother Teresa’s death in 1997‚ the Holy See began the process of beatification‚ the third step towards canonization. This process requires the documentation of a miracle
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The Goa liberation movement was a movement that sought to end the 451 years of Portuguese colonial rule in Goa‚ India. The liberation movement gained mass momentum in the early 20th century (galvanizing between 1940-1961)‚ and continued to build on the smaller scale revolts and uprisings of the preceding century. The struggle was conducted both within Goa and externally‚ and was characterized by a range of tactics including non-violent demonstrations‚ revolutionary methods and diplomatic efforts
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HISTORICAL BACKGROUND The Kashmir tragedy began when under the Treaty of Amritsar in 1846; the British sold the state of Jammu and Kashmir to Gulab Singh‚ a Hindu Dogra chieftain for the sum of 7.5 million rupees. Lord Lawrence who negotiated this treaty‚ termed this transaction as “iniquitous arrangement” The sale of such a vast area with a predominantly Muslim majority was justified by the Viceroy Lord Hardinge ‚ in his correspondence with Queen Victoria ‚to recover the losses in wars against
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Deculturation’ Alternatives: Global‚ Local‚ Political Vol Pantham T (1997) ‘Indian Secularism and Its Critics: Some Reflections’‚ The Review of Politics‚ Vol Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1408550 Accessed: 08/01/2013 20:46 Parekh B‚ (1991) ‘Nehru and the National Philosophy of India’‚ Economic and Political Weekly Vol Religious Studies Vol. 33‚ No. 1 (Mar.‚ 1997) pp. 1-14 JSTOR [Online] Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20008068 Accessed: 06/01/2013 12:47 Roy H. (2006) ‘Western Secularism
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1. INTRODUCTION For many years religion has been a dominant force in all human societies‚ embracing all aspects of human life. The world was sought to be understood and explained in terms of religion. It was with the path breaking discovers in the world of physical sciences and as well as the social movements like the reformation and the renaissance that broke away the domination of religion in the middle Ages. Thus there was a gradual process by which the church and state began to be separated
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Struggle Between Hindu and Secular Nationalisms in India India holds a prominent place in the history of imperialism and decolonization‚ making recent events in this country of nearly one billion especially important to the current day citizen. India also faces problems associated with accommodating religion and diversity within a large federal republic‚ making their experience important for Americans concerned with these issues. India faces growing action of governing which invites the use of
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