15 PROBATION AND COMMUNITY CORRECTIONS The extension of probation for felonies still encounters strenuous antagonism and distrust. Most of this antagonism flows from the fear that probation will undermine the efficiency of punishment as a deterrent of crime. Formerly‚ severity of punishment was believed to be the great deterrent. Severity of punishment has not deterred crime to any great extent. — FRANK WADE‚ CONGRESS OF THE AMERICAN PRISON ASSOCIATION‚ 1923 INTRODUCTION This chapter considers
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Innovation of Probation and Parole According to Hanser (pg. 106) probation is defined as “a control valve mechanism that mitigates the flow of inmates sent directly to the jailhouse.” In other words‚ it’s the release of an inmate that needs continuous supervision and advises proper behavior‚ that does not commit any further crime. When trying to understand the development of probation and parole‚ one would first have to look at the history of each. I will begin with the history of probation and continue
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The Forum of Augustus was erected in 2 BCE‚ a full forty years after it was promised in 42 BCE. Augustus at the time known as Gaius Octavius at the time vowed to Mars during the battle of Philippi to erect a temple in his name. He did this most likely to bring him strength in this battle as after the battle he was able to avenge his adoptive father Julius Caesar by killing his assassins. Sometime after in 27 BCE he became Princeps of Rome changings his name to Augustus. He then made plans to
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Bakersfield CJ 130 Mr. Fink February 24‚ 2015 Probation over the past decade has become the sentence that is ruled more than any other. With prisons being over crowded‚ probation has been the top choice for qualifying adult violent offenders. Probation population has become almost twice the population of offenders in prison. Today‚ probation is authorized in all states and is an integral part of the criminal justice system. Probation is a prison sentence that is suspended on the condition
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‘What role did the settlements of 27 BC and 23 BC play in the development of Augustus’ principate?’ In the first settlement of 27 BC Octavian handed back the unofficial powers he had held during the civil war to the Senate and people of Rome. However‚ some historians think that it was accomplished over a series of steps. In his autobiography Res Gestae Divi Augusti‚ Augustus himself states the situation ‘In my sixth and seventh consulships‚ after I had extinguished civil wars‚ and at a time when
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Augustus “The Accomplishments of Augustus” In Sources of the making of the West: Peoples and Cultures‚ a Concise History‚ Vol. I: To 1740‚ ed. Katharine J. Lualdi‚ 51-55. Boston‚ Massachusetts: Bedford/St. Martin’s‚ 2003. 1. The foundation of Augustus’ power and success After the battle of Actium (31 B.C.)‚ Octavian remained the sole leader from the Triumvirate to rule the largest Empire of that period. Shrewd and subtle politician‚ Octavian learnt from his predecessor‚ Julius Caesar
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At around 20BC a statue was created in celebration for Augustus’ victory over the Parthians. This statue is known as the Augustus of Prima Porta‚ and was created in the image of Augustus in Prima Porta‚ Rome. A man named Tiberius commissioned the creation of this statue in honor of Augustus‚ and depicts himself as a hero of the particular battle on the breastplate of the artwork. As previously stated‚ the statue is in commemoration to the victory over the Parthians. The Romans lost many battles
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battle of Actium in 31 B.C.E‚ Octovian took supreme control and assumed the title Augustus. At this time‚ Augustus establishing a new political orders and effectively maintain all the power in his hand and the hand of the imperial’s staffs. Augustus and his bureaucracy controlled virtually all decisions‚ even though the emperor had claimed that he replaced the State in the hand of the Senate and Roman people. Augustus also reforms his army‚ developing civil services‚ and created many career paths
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John Adams remains the most misconstrued and unappreciated "great man" in American History (Ellis). The second president of the United States of America‚ he truly was a great man. Adams served in France and Holland in diplomatic roles during the Revolution‚ and helped negotiate the Treaty of Peace. From 1785 to 1788 he was minister to the court of St. James‚ returning to be elected Vice President under George Washington both of Washington ’s two terms. For a man of his intellect‚ vanity and vigor
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Question: Compare the following descriptions of Augustus’ rise to power‚ one by Augustus himself and one by Tacitus (the second-century historian)‚ and discuss their historical validity. 1)“At the age of nineteen on my own responsibiliy and at my own expense I raised an army‚...I transferred the republic from my power to the dominion of the senate and people of Rome.” -Augustus‚Res Gestae Divi Augusti 2)”One view of Augustus went like this: filial duty and national crisis had been merely pretexts
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