NCOME-TAX ACT‚ 1961* [43 OF 1961] [AS AMENDED BY FINANCE ACT‚ 2012] An Act to consolidate and amend the law relating to income-tax and super-tax BE it enacted by Parliament in the Twelfth Year of the Republic of India as follows :— CHAPTER I PRELIMINARY Short title‚ extent and commencement. 11. 2(1) This Act may be called the Income-tax Act‚ 1961. (2) It extends to the whole of India. (3) Save as otherwise provided in this Act‚ it shall come into force on the 1st day of April‚ 1962. Definitions
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Introduction The income smoothing literature has been the centre of attention in the accounting world for the past few decades. When companies experience economic turbulence due to a poor performance year‚ they turn to the accounting management department to resolve the bottom line. A strategy that managers can approach is changing the true information content of the company. As a result this has led managers to resort to smoothing their income. Many questions have been raised whether or not it
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Electrical & Electronics Engineers Project Outline Introduction A. The Basis of my future career. History & Nature of Work (Duties) A. Electrical & Electronics beginning and effects on daily life. B. What does Electrical & Electronics Engineers do? Preparation and Training A. Basic courses for both electrical and electronics. 1. College Programs-Computer architecture‚ switching theory‚ and computer design. 2. Electrical Programs- Mathematics and science more than technology and
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CHAPTER 8. TRIP DISTRIBUTION NPTEL May 3‚ 2007 Chapter 8 Trip distribution 8.1 Overview The decision to travel for a given purpose is called trip generation. These generated trips from each zone is then distributed to all other zones based on the choice of destination. This is called trip distribution which forms the second stage of travel demand modeling. There are a number of methods to distribute trips among destinations; and two such methods are growth factor model and gravity
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keys are: the rearview mirror. The income statement‚ the balance sheet‚ and the statement of cash flows all combine to show exactly what happened in the past. The income statement is a report generated to show the profitability of the company. It shows sales less expenses during a specified period of time. It is prepared in such a way that the profit after each expense can be determined easily. For example‚ on page 27 of our book is the Income Statement for Kramer Corporation. You can clearly
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AGRICULTURAL INCOME What is agricultural Income Section 2(1A) (a) any rent or revenue derived from land which is situated in India and is used for agricultural purposes; (b). any income derived from such land by agricultural or by the process employed to render the produce fit for market or by sale of such produce by a cultivator or receiver of rent-in-kind; (c). any income derived from a building provided following conditions are satisfied: - (i). The building is situated on or immediate
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healthcare‚ income inequality and poverty. Time to time changes in policies have been made‚ perhaps to improve these issues‚ however‚ the gap between rich and poor keeps increasing and there is very little improvement in healthcare and the economy. In fact‚ healthcare keeps on becoming costly. Major issues like income inequality and poverty are not being taken care of by the government. According to Dr. Raphael (2002) poverty is caused by several reasons such as inequality in people’s income‚ weak social
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Income Effect The equilibrium of the consumer is obtained on the basis of the assumption that the income level of the consumer remains constant and prices of the two commodities also remain constant. When income of the consumer changes or when any price level changes the equilibrium position will be affected. When income increases‚ prices of the commodities remaining the same‚ the budget line shifts parallel to the right. This happens because there is a change in the intercept part of the equation
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“Family Income” Wage- Is the money amount receive daily for rendering service. Received by unskilled semiskilled‚ and skilled workers or blue-collar workers. A salary is the amount of money received monthly by professionals or white-collar workers. IN ADDITION TO WAGES OR SALARIES‚ SOME FAMILIES HAVE OTHER SOURCE OF INCOME THIS INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING: 1. Dividends from investments in bonds & stock. 2. Gifts from relatives & friends. 3. Inheritance. 4. Rentals from apartments
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Normal Distribution:- A continuous random variable X is a normal distribution with the parameters mean and variance then the probability function can be written as f(x) = - < x < ‚ - < μ < ‚ σ > 0. When σ2 = 1‚ μ = 0 is called as standard normal. Normal distribution problems and solutions – Formulas: X < μ = 0.5 – Z X > μ = 0.5 + Z X = μ = 0.5 where‚ μ = mean σ = standard deviation X = normal random variable Normal Distribution Problems and Solutions – Example
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