This was followed in Knuller v DPP [1973] AC 435 (Case summary). In order for the doctrine of judicial precedent to work‚ it is necessary to be able to determine what a point of law is. In the course of delivering a judgment‚ the judge will set out their reasons for reaching a decision. The reasons which are necessary for them to reach their decision amount to the ratio decidendi of the case. The ratio decidendi forms the legal principle which is a binding precedent meaning it must
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The judge is always right. What court system is better: adversarial or inquisitorial? It is‚ indeed‚ a very good question. Most of the countries in the world use inquisitorial court system; Others‚ USA for example‚ use adversarial system. Both are great but personally I think that inquisitorial court system is better. It over goes the adversarial court system because it actually relies on true facts and witnesses rather than victims words and lawyers. As stated above the court system in the
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Middle school students should get drug tested. Middle school students are getting into drugs and drinking alcohol. Middle school students our getting into drugs. Schools in several states now require drug testing for students who want to participate in sports and other extracurricular activities‚ starting in middle school. Some coaches‚ teachers and school administrators said drug-testing programs served as a deterrent for middle school students encountering drugs of all kinds‚ including steroids
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Federal Court Decisions Mandatory Suspicionless Testing of Student Athletes Ruled Constitutional The legal foundation for suspicionless student drug testing rests upon Vernonia v. Acton (1995). In that landmark decision‚ the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of a school policy requiring student athletes to pass random urinalysis tests as a ground for participation in interscholastic sports. The Court rejected a Fourth Amendment claim asserting that such tests are an unconstitutional invasion
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and communities‚ with an increasing fear of abuse of drugs such as heroin and methamphetamines. Many schools are trying to solve the issue and prevent these harmful substances from being abused by their students. One route that many schools are taking is by performing random drug tests on their students in hopes that they will find those who are using illicit substances. Administrators are also hoping that other students will be deterred from drug use due to the harsh consequences that come with a
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One of the most significant challenges I face as an undocumented first generation college applicant is financial need. I am the first child of my family to be enrolling into a college this fall. Financially speaking my family is considered to be middle or lower-middle class. Although we make ends meet the strain of college tuition is an impending force that will soon become a large issue for my household. Likewise‚ the fact that I’m undocumented excludes me from many scholarships making paying for
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The issue of mandatory drug testing for certain jobs is perplexing and a complicated topic. After hearing both sides of the debate presented in class‚ I feel that drug testing for certain jobs is a beneficial aspect to incorporate into the workplace. I feel this way due to the potential that testing for drugs in certain jobs such as healthcare‚ government officials‚ law enforcement and other occupations that involve decisions that can directly impact the lives of others‚ has on removing harmful individuals
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Welfare is a very hard subject to debate. There are advantages and disadvantages to the current welfare system. Without transfer payments‚ people who have inadequate income would be at risk for having no food‚ no shelter‚ and no healthcare‚ which is both sad and immoral. Sometimes people come across hardships that put them in financially devastating positions. In these cases‚ welfare is needed in order for these people to keep their head above water and maintain their lifestyle. I do not believe
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after world war two saw the return of conservatism as society needed and wanted to control our war torn‚ uncontrollable world. However‚ the 1960’s began to shake the rigidity of conservative beliefs. This essay will look at Sylvia Plath’s poem‚ The Applicant‚ written in 1962 to explore the gender roles in early 1960’s society. The theme of Plath’s poem is the inequitable idea of gender roles in early 1960’s society‚ men were expected to be the breadwinner and women were expected to cook and clean. In
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Drug testing should not be mandatory for public school student athletes. Such mandatory tests in the public setting violate the students right to privacy. Students may feel very uncomfortable submitting a test that is very personal of themselves. Why should they submit such a test when they haven’t done anything wrong from the beginning? Students should only have to be drug tested if they show signs that they are under the influence of drugs. If they behave in an abnormal manor where they
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