Chapter 6 Decision Making: The Essence of the Manager’s Job True/False Questions THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS 1. Problem identification is purely objective. (False; moderate; p. 157) 2. The second step in the decision-making process is identifying a problem. (False; easy; p. 158) 3. A decision criterion defines what is relevant in a decision. (True; moderate; p. 158) 4. The fourth step of the decision-making process requires the decision maker to list viable alternatives that could resolve
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Individuals acquire diverse cognitive bias as a result of previous experiences endured in life. The cognitive biases one fosters can be considered conventional or unconventional depending on those in opposition. As a consequence‚ individuals develop an array of cognitive biases‚ which structures his or her morality. Cognitive bias can be referenced as one’s perception of his or her desired subjective social reality. To put in perspective‚ one may view abortion as inhumane if one fosters strong religious
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Introduction Bespoke framing service company (BFS) is local business which specializes in manufacturing picture frames for customers. The company produced paintings‚ photographs and sporting memorabilia. The company’s clients have desire to buy art galleries‚ local businesses and sports clubs at this time. The frames are manufactured with dark wood‚ light wood and aluminium. Bespoke framing service has six staffs in production line. The company asks to offer those frames from local suppliers. The
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Framing and Agenda Setting Bias in News Media The Hutchinson Commission on freedom of the press best defined news in 1947 as a "truthful‚ comprehensive‚ and intelligent account of the day’s events in a context which gives them meaning."Journalism in today’s news is not the same as it was over half a century ago. The Fairness Doctrine‚ which was eliminated in 1987‚ was a policy that required the holders of broadcast licenses to both present controversial issues of public importance and to do so
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The contact hypothesis states that intergroup bias can be reduced by there being contact between social outgroups in appropriate environments. According to Oskamp and Jones (2000)‚ this is the most widely used psychological intervention for reducing prejudice. It has been suggested by Allport (1954) that the conditions needed for this to work are as follows: equality between the two groups has to be a social norm‚ as well as equality of status between the two groups and thirdly‚ there must be cooperation
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topic‚ for better or for worse. However‚ whenever such information and personal connections weren’t always available‚ making gaining new ideas of how things should work very difficult to do. In Harper Lee’s novel‚ To Kill A Mockingbird‚ the racial biases in Maycomb county are very prevalent. This may be because the people living there had no connections to anywhere that had opposing ideas to
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While figuring out what causes people to behave in the way that they do‚ we cannot forget the biases that may come along with it. We tend to make snap judgements of people‚ as the book says we have a “gut feeling.” However‚ going by these “gut feelings” we tend to choose one attribution over the other and they usually are not very nice attributions. For example‚ in class when asked to list reasons a person may be rude to you on the road‚ most of the reasons we came up with were that the person
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COMMON BIASES AND ERRORS IN DECISION-MAKING PROCESS In addition to engaging in bounded rationality‚ an accumulating body of research tells us that decision makers allow systematic biases and errors to creep into their judgments. These come out of attempts to shortcut the decision process. To minimize effort and avoid difficult trade-offs‚ people tend to rely too heavily on experience‚ impulses‚ gut feelings‚ and convenient “rules of thumb.â€? In many instances‚ these shortcuts are helpful. However
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Charles Beard’s suggested that the Constitution was a document that was only created to protect the framer’s wealth. Beard believed that the reason why the rich framers wanted to protect against majority rule was to prevent the majority to overthrow the rich. Beard did manage to fit most of the framers under “rich” categories such as lawyers‚ landowners‚ and merchants. But‚ he failed to realize that the framers limited majority rule to protect the rights of minorities‚ also. The framers attempted
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Implicit Hidden Biases 11/15/2013 Unbiased: not having or showing an unfair tendency to believe that some people‚ ideas‚ etc.‚ are better than others : not biased 1: free from bias; especially : free from all prejudice and favoritism : eminently fair 2: having an expected value equal to a population parameter being estimated (Webster) Hidden Bias Tests measure unconscious‚ or automatic‚ biases. Willingness to examine your own possible biases is an important step
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