Sociological Perspectives Sociology describes ‘the study of development‚ structure and functioning of human society.’ (1) A sociological perspective studies human life and social interactions‚ along with how those interactions shape society as a whole. Sociological perspectives allow us to gain perception of social life‚ structures and individuals‚ supporting us in understanding links between what people do and the social settings that shape their behaviour. Similarly‚ links between individuals shaping
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justice for all (Vines 2013‚ p. 319). As significant figures of the judicial system‚ judges must ensure that courts are independent‚ impartial‚ open and transparent and provides a fair and prompt trial (Rule of Law Institute of Australia 2015). This could be an issue with indeterminate sentencing
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Judicial Discretion Judicial discretion refers to the authority that judges have for making and interpreting certain laws. Within the United States‚ judicial discretion is one of the fundamental tenants of the system of law‚ and is guaranteed in the United States Constitution. Both state and federal judges can exercise judicial discretion‚ although their discretion is not unlimited. This study focuses on a series of legal‚ extralegal‚ and systemic variables presumed to affect the workings of criminal-justice
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rule. Judicial reforms should‚ therefore‚ be at the centre stage in the fast transforming world in which we live. It is imperative for enhancing the quality of justice that is at the core of human existence and welfare of any society. It is simply the fundamental goal of all societies. This is the reason why the human civilization has been locked in a constant struggle to achieve higher standards of fairness and equity. The endeavour is timeless with societies borrowing new practices from each other
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Judicial precedent: A judgment of a court of law cited as an authority for deciding a similar set of facts; a case which serves as authority for the legal principle embodied in its decision. The common law has developed by broadening down from precedent to precedent. A judicial precedent is a decision of the court used as a source for future decision making. This is known as stare decisis (to stand upon decisions) and by which precedents are authoritative and binding and must be followed. In giving
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Judicial Election Process You May Know the Law But I Own the Judge: Why Congress Can and Should Get Involved in State Judicial Election Reform This article helped me to better understand the American judicial system and the election process of judges. The commission needs to know that whoever is selected is truly qualified to hold the position. The selection commission usually meets twice in the selection process‚ and the public is encouraged to attend both of the meetings. The commission
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PRECEDENT: Stare Decisis - Stand by the Decision The doctrine of judicial precedent is based on the principle of stare decisis‚ this means that like cases should be treated alike. Once a point of law has been decided in a particular case‚ that law must be applied in all future cases containing the same material facts. For example in the case “Donoghue v Stevenson (1932)‚ The House of Lords held that the manufacturer owed the duty of care to the ultimate consumer of the product. This set a binding
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"political science 182 final review" Week 5 General Motivating Questions 1. What are the four primary economic ideal-types? How do these ideal-types present themselves in the “real world”? a) Feudalism - unequal and inefficient. Elites owned land‚ control the lives of the serfs who worked it. System of protection. Worker of the land were not able to move up in this system (mid-1500’s) b) Mercantilism - unequal and inefficient. State directs economy for own interest. Trade gives a state
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THE DOCTRINE OF BINDING PRECEDENT INTRODUCTION The doctrine of binding precedent means the process whereby judges follow previously decided cases where the facts are of sufficient similarity. The doctrine of judicial precedent involves an application of the principle of stare decisis i.e.‚ to stand by the decided. In practice‚ this means that inferior courts are bound to apply the legal principles set down by superior courts in earlier cases. This provides consistency and predictability in the
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DOCTRINE OF PRECEDENT - LAW MAKING POTENTIAL More Judicial Precedent Resources: Judicial Precedent - Lecture Notes #1 THE JUDGES’ ROLE IN PRECEDENT The old view of the judges’ role was that they were merely ’declaring’ the existing law (the ’declaratory theory’). Lord Esher stated in Willis v Baddeley [1892] 2 QB 324: "There is ... no such thing as judge-made law‚ for the judges do not make the law‚ though they frequently have to apply existing law to circumstances as to which it has not
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