RUNNING HEAD: Research Methods in Psychology Research Methods in Psychology: Their strengths and weaknesses Research Methods in Psychology: Their strengths and weaknesses There are two main and important research methods in psychology. They are the experimental designs which are controlled by intervention and corelational designs which observe associations. In the experimental design the researcher is in full control over all research variables whereas the corelational designs observe and
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Fuzzy TOPSIS method This is an approach based on the TOPSIS technique (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) and the fuzzy set theory. The TOPSIS method is based on the concept that the optimum option has the least distance from the positive ideal solution. It is a linear weighting technique‚ which was first proposed‚ in its crisp version by Chen and Hwang(1992)‚ with reference to Hwang and Yoon(1981). Since then‚ this method has been widely adopted to solve MCDM problems
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The audiolingual method I) Key Features 1. New material is presented in dialog form. 2. There is dependence on mimicry‚ memorization of set phrases‚ and over-learning. 3. Structures are sequenced by means of constractive analysis and taught one at a time. 4. Structual patterns are taught using repetitive drills. 5. There is little or no grammatical explanation. Grammar is taught by inductive analogy rather than deductive explanation. 6. Vocabulary is strictly limited and
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Assessing Sulphur Dioxide in Wine by Titration Procedure 1. Transfer 20.0 mL of wine using a pipette to each of three 250 mL conical flasks. 2. To each flask add about 12 mL of 1 M sodium hydroxide solution and allow the flasks to stand for 15 minutes. This releases the SO2 bound in complex compounds in the wine. 3. Fill a burette with standard iodine solution. Record the initial burette reading and the concentration of the solution. 4. To one flask‚ add about 10 mL of 2 M sulfuric acid
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the researcher used Quantitative data collection methods. Using qualitative data collection method‚ it rely on random sampling and structured data collection instruments that fit diverse experiences into predetermined response categories. They produce results that are easy to summarize‚ compare‚ and generalize. Quantitative research is concerned with testing hypotheses derived from theory and/or being able to estimate the size of a phenomenon of interest. Depending on the research question‚ participants
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Discrete data can only take on certain values‚ which are usually integers Types of Data Dummy variable A dummy variable (also known as indicator variable or just dummy) is one that takes the values 0 or 1 to indicate the absence or presence of some categorical effect that may be expected to shift the outcome. 1 dummy variable for 2 categories 2 dummy variable for 3 categories 3 dummy variable for 4categories …………………. • There are 3 types of data which econometricians might use for analysis: 1
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audio-lingual method‚ Army Method‚ or New Key‚[1] is a style of teaching used in teaching foreign languages. It is based on behaviorist theory‚ which professes that certain traits of living things‚ and in this case humans‚ could be trained through a system of reinforcement—correct use of a trait would receive positive feedback while incorrect use of that trait would receive negative feedback. This approach to language learning was similar to another‚ earlier method called the direct method. Like the
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or study‚ educational‚ or not-for-pro t purposes provided that: • • • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support O ce‚ Durham University‚ University O ce‚ Old Elvet‚ Durham DH1 3HP
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Data Collection Methods III Questionnaires A questionnaire is a preformatted written set of questions to which respondents record their answers usually within rather closely defined alternatives. Questionnaires are an efficient data collection mechanism when the researcher knows exactly what is required and how to measure the variables of interest. Questionnaires can be administered personally‚ mailed to the respondents‚ or electronically distributed. Guidelines for Questionnaire Design
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opportunity to instruct their students using various methods. The methods that teachers use can use will depend on several factors‚ such as what is needed for the curriculum and who the audience is. In order for teachers to be effective in their classrooms‚ it is important that practical and effective textbooks are available. This paper will discuss three methods that can be used to measure the reliability of a tenth grade history textbook. The methods that will be discussed in this paper are: the “Fry
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