The Columbian Exchange Statistics By the Numbers Estimated population of Europe in 1492: about 60 million Estimated population of the Americas in 1492: 40-100 million Estimated population of Europe in 1800: 150 million Estimated population of the Americas in 1800: 25 million (the vast majority of whom were of European or African descent) Major domesticated animals in the New World in 1492: dog‚ llama Major domesticated animals in the Old World in 1492: horse‚ cow‚ pig‚ sheep‚ goat‚ chicken
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Level of Significance (alpha) 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 Critical Value (lower tail) -2.576 -2.576 -2.576 -2.576 Critical Value (upper tail) 2.576 2.576 2.576 2.576 Hypothesized value 12 12 12 12 Standard Error 0.040 0.040 0.038 0.038 Test Statistic -1.027 0.713 -2.935 2.161 p-value 0.304 0.476 0.003 0.031 Only sample 3 leads to the rejection of the hypothesis H0: µ = 12. Thus‚ corrective action is warranted for sample 3. The other samples indicate H0 cannot be rejected and thus from all
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Descriptive Statistics is used when describing certain aspects of an immediate group within the population. For example‚ we may want to describe a math class and compare it to a class of science. Things that we may want to use for comparison would be age‚ gender‚ and even math skills. Descriptive statistics would allow us to analyze all those different areas and provide a comparison to view similarities‚ differences and ratios. Before any study is to be observed certain factors would have to be ascertained
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Research‚ Statistics‚ and Psychology PSY 315 Amber Lupo November 8‚ 2010 Amber Nelson “The definition of scientific method is a method of research in which a hypothesis is tested by means of a carefully documented control experiment that can be repeated by any other researcher” (yourdictionary.com‚ 2010.) “Research is the scholarly or scientific investigation or inquiry” (American Heritage Dictionary‚ 2000.) Primary and secondary data are dependent to each other‚ but also completely
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Population variance = σ2 = Σ ( Xi - μ )2 / N * Variance of population proportion = σP2 = PQ / n * Standardized score = Z = (X - μ) / σ * Population correlation coefficient = ρ = [ 1 / N ] * Σ { [ (Xi - μX) / σx ] * [ (Yi - μY) / σy ] } Statistics Unless otherwise noted‚ these formulas assume simple random sampling. * Sample mean = x = ( Σ xi ) / n * Sample standard deviation = s = sqrt [ Σ ( xi - x )2 / ( n - 1 ) ] * Sample variance = s2 = Σ ( xi - x )2 / ( n - 1 ) * Variance
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were randomly and independently chosen from the populations‚ population distributions are normal for each group; and population variances are equal for all groups. The assumptions of ANOVA are identical to the t-test and the calculated statistic is called an F-value which has a probability value associated with it. As with the t-test‚ if our probability value is less than 0.05 we reject our null hypothesis (in this case that there is no difference among the treatment groups). This p-value
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independent observations by the number of observations in the group that represent one of two outcomes. For example‚ the proportion of individuals in a random sample who support one of two political candidates fits this description. In this case‚ the statistic is thecount X of voters who support the candidate divided by the total number of individuals in the group n. This provides an estimate of the parameter p‚ the proportion of individuals who support the candidate in the entire population. The binomial
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Elementary Statistics Chapter 1 Test - Form A Name:___________________________ Course Number: __________ Section Number: _____ SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 1) Define the terms population‚ sample‚ parameter and statistic. How does a census compare to a sample? MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Identify the number as either
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STATISTICS - Lab #6 Statistical Concepts: Data Simulation Discrete Probability Distribution Confidence Intervals Calculations for a set of variables Open the class survey results that were entered into the MINITAB worksheet. We want to calculate the mean for the 10 rolls of the die for each student in the class. Label the column next to die10 in the Worksheet with the word mean. Pull up Calc > Row Statistics and select the radio-button corresponding to Mean. For Input variables:
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EXERCISE 29 t-TEST FOR INDEPENDENT GROUPS I STATISTICAL TECHNIQUE IN REVIEW The t-test is a parametric analysis technique used to determine significant differences between the scores obtained from two groups. The t-test uses the standard deviation to estimate the standard error of the sampling distribution and examines the differences between the means of the two groups. Since the t-test is considered fairly easy to calculate‚ researchers often use it in determining differences between two groups
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