11. A total variance is best defined as the difference between total a. actual cost and total cost applied for the standard output of the period. b. standard cost and total cost applied to production. c. actual cost and total standard cost of the actual input of the period. d. actual cost and total cost applied for the actual output of the period. 12. The term “standard hours allowed” measures a. budgeted output at actual hours. b. budgeted output at standard hours. c. actual output
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ADM 3346A COST ACCOUNTING Solution Fall 2010 Midterm Examination STUDENT NAME: _________________________________________________ STUDENT NUMBER: ________________________________________________ 90 minutes INSTRUCTIONS 1. 2. 3. 4. Books and notes are not permitted‚ except language dictionaries. Non programmable calculators are permitted. Put all answers in the question booklet Questions concerning possible errors in the exam only will be answered. Questions Max Points
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1/ Variable Costs: The variable cost will be 40% higher [ an increase of 21‚000 - 15‚000=6‚000 units] Direct Material used 1‚060‚000 Variable Costs: Direct Labor 1‚904‚000 Direct material used [ 1‚060‚000 *1.4] 1‚484‚000 Unit costs [ 6‚335‚600 / 21‚000] =$ 301.7 Indirect Materials and supplies 247‚000 Direct Labor [ 1‚904‚000 * 1.4] 2‚665‚600 Variable Cost/ Unit = 228.27 at both 15k & 21k units Power to run plant eqip 213‚000 Indirect Materials
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Types of costs Classification of costs: • Materials – costs of raw materials‚ components and other goods used. • Labor – cost of employees wages and salaries. • Expenses – costs which cannot be included in materials and labor. Variable costs – these costs varies directly with changes in the level of quantity‚ over a defined period of time. Fixed costs – are not affected by the changes in the level of activity‚ over a defined period of time. Semi variable costs – for example
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additional costs incurred. Actual variable costs increased from $218 to $247.50‚ causing an unfavourable flexible-budget variable cost variance of $59 457. The next section‚ 3.2 Variable and Fixed Variance Analysis‚ will look into the specific causes of this increased in cost and resources consumed. Understanding the reasons why actual results differ from budgeted amounts can help Barnes better manage its costs and pricing decisions in the future. If Barnes have not been able to pass these costs on to
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Just-in-Time is an inventory management philosophy that aims to reduce inventories by implementing systems and processes to supply a product or service exactly when it is needed‚ and how it is needed in the production process. The concept of JIT is widely accepted today by many American manufacturing companies‚ and it is a means of controlling costs through striving to maintain lean inventories—in fact‚ the concept of JIT was introduced in the early 1980’s to the U.S. as a concept know as “zero
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Just In Time Inventory Management Definition: Just-in-Time (JIT) inventory management is the process of ordering and receiving inventory for production and customer sales only as it is needed and not before. This means that the company does not hold safety stock and operates with low inventory levels. This strategy helps companies lower their inventory carrying costs. Just-in-time inventory management is a cost-cutting inventory management strategy though it can lead to stock-outs. The goal
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Conceptual Framework Cost Accounting Cost accounting‚ as a tool of management‚ provides management with detailed records of the costs relating to products‚ operations or functions. Cost accounting refers to the process of determining and accumulating the cost of some particular product or activity. It also covers classification‚ analysis and interpretation of costs. The cost so determined and accumulated may be the estimated future costs for planning purposes‚ or actual (historical) costs for evaluating
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quality is important. To retain customers for repeat business a company must sell products that live up to the customer’s expectations. If a customer has a good experience‚ they are likely to come back and spend money with your business again the next time they are in need of your products or services. A customer must feel like the product or service he bought from your company was worth the price. A company’s reputation relies heavily on the quality of its products or services. This is relevant to both
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range of accounting application is expanding rapidly‚ along with the increasing demand of economic market. As is well known‚ accounting is a key aspect of business. And in the accounting profession‚ there has been already existed interpenetration and overlapping among the different kinds of accounting. Cost accounting and financial accounting are two main components of accountancy. The former one is a part of accounting. In cost accounting‚ it dramatically researches the variable cost‚ fixed cost‚ overheads
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