40 a- Cost of goods manufactured = Direct cost + Indirect cost = [Direct Cost of Material + Direct Cost of Labor] + [Indirect Cost of Material + Indirect Cost of Labor + Utilities Overhead] = Total Cost of Material + Total Cost of Labor + Utilities Overhead = 120‚000 + 90‚000 + 40‚000 = $ 250‚000 b- Total Cost of Operation = Cost of goods manufactured + Selling‚ General admin. and expenses. = 250‚000 + 60‚000 = $ 310‚000 c- Prime Cost =Direct Material Cost + Direct Labor
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ESTIMATING PROJECT TIMES AND COSTS Estimating is the process of forecasting or approximating the time and cost of completing project deliverables. Cost‚ time‚ and budget estimates are the support for control. Project status reports depend on reliable estimates as the major input for measuring variances and taking corrective action. Inaccurate estimates lead to false expectations and consumer dissatisfaction. There are reasons why estimating time and cost are important. Below are the following:
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in a business. The most promising opportunity at the time was in building supplies‚ so Low bought a business that specialized in sales of one size of nail. The annual volume of nails was 2‚000 kegs‚ and they were sold to retail customers in an even flow. Low was uncertain of how many nails to order at any time. Initially‚ only two costs concerned him: order-processing costs‚ which were $60 per order without regard to size‚ and warehousing costs‚ which were $1 per year per keg space. On average‚ the
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Cost Accounting: In a broad aspects‚ Cost Accounting is a method of accounting in which all costs incurred in carrying out an activity or accomplishing a purpose are collected‚ classified‚ and recorded. This data is then summarized and analyzed to arrive at a selling price‚ or to determine where savings are possible. So Cost Accounting consists of the identification‚ measurement‚ collection‚ analysis‚ preparation‚ and communication of financial information For example‚ calculating the cost of product
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Framework Zhang Yi Fei and Che Ruhana Isa becoming more and more popular [3-7] ABC aims to provide accurate costing information to managers to allocate activity costs to products and services by applying cost drivers [8]. Academics who advocate ABC‚ such as‚ Cooper and Kaplan [9]‚ and Swenson [10] argue that it provides more accurate cost data needed to make appropriate strategic decisions about product mix‚ sourcing‚ pricing‚ process improvement‚ and evaluation of business process performance. These
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Management‚ the Controller‚ and Cost Accounting Management According to Henry Fayol’s Industrial and General Administration‚ "to manage is to forecast and to plan‚ organize‚ to command‚ to co-ordinate and to control". To an organization‚ those various activity can be narrowed to Planning‚ Organizing and Control by three groups of management: operating management‚ middle management and executive management with different role in each level. Planning is the process of sensing external opportunities
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CHAPTER 20 INVENTORY MANAGEMENT‚ JUST-IN-TIME‚ AND SIMPLIFIED COSTING METHODS 20-1 Cost of goods sold (in retail organizations) or direct materials costs (in organizations with a manufacturing function) as a percentage of sales frequently exceeds net income as a percentage of sales by many orders of magnitude. In the Kroger grocery store example cited in the text‚ cost of goods sold to sales is 76.8%‚ and net income to sales is 0.1%. Thus‚ a 10% reduction in the ratio of cost of goods sold to sales (76
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Cost accounting and the lean production philosophy By Tyrone Williams AIU Online September1‚ 2012 Abstract As Dr. Stephanie White prepares to cope with the a steep reduction in the budgetary allocation to the Uptown Clinic she must carefully determine which areas to cut while striving to maintain current levels of service. This essay will offer advice Dr. White on preparing for budget cuts. It will also discuss the lean production philosophy and how this compares with typical production
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Historical Cost accounting Historical cost accounting has been a controversial method that experienced many criticisms over a period of time‚ especially since it considers the acquisition cost of an asset and does not recognize the current market value. Merits and demerits of this method are as follows. The most obvious advantage of HC accounting is objectivity. It is a predominantly objective system‚ which records the original cost of an item when it was purchased. Under historical cost accounting
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Role of Cost Accounting and Ethical Consideration Role of Cost Accounting and Ethical Consideration Introduction Cost accounting is used to help management understand how much it cost to run a business. Understanding the role of cost accounting is important when one is trying to put together a team of managers to help run the company. The CEO of a merchandising organization needs to hire a CFO to run the accounting system‚ but the CEO has little understanding of cost accounting. The CEO
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