Cicero said that "justice is a habit of the soul‚ observed in the common interest‚ which gives every man his due." According to that‚ justice‚ unlike other virtues (be it liberty‚ piety‚ respect or whatever)‚ comprises only the inter-individual relations . Consequently‚ justice pursues both individual development and social good. Justice as a universal virtue which encompasses other virtues‚ is above the law. It requires not doing any harm to anyone and "using common things as common‚ private possessions
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Just in time (JIT) is described as a philosophy‚ managerial concept or manufacturing strategy. It achieved fame in the late 1970’s through Taiichi Ohno and is used in many companies till this day especially automotive industries. Just in time was originally a practice of the Toyota motor company in Japan. Chakravorty and Atwater 1995 (cited in Singh and Ahija‚ 2015) suggest that the fundamental of Just in time philosophy is continuous improvement in process through removal of all types of waste.
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Nunc ea cognosce‚ quae maxime exoptas: rem publicam funditus amisimus‚ adeo ut C. Cato‚ adolescens nullius consilli‚ sed tamen civis Romanus et Cato‚ vix vivus effugerit‚ quod‚ cum Gabinium de ambitu vellet postulare neque praetores diebus aliquot adiri possent vel potestatem sui facerent‚ in concionem escendit et Pompeium privatum dictatorem appellavit: propius nihil est factum‚ quam ut occideretur. 2 Ex hoc‚ qui sit status totius rei publicae‚ videre potes. 3 16. 4 Nostrae tamen causae non videntur
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How compatible are Just War and Pacifism? Pacifists are people who oppose to any war and violence‚ they believe that killing and harming people is wrong and therefore all wars must be wrong too. They think war is unjust and that all conflicts should be settled in a peaceful manner. The Just War theory tries to judge whether it is ‘just’ to go to war and how the war should be fought. It tries to reconcile three things; taking a human life is seriously wrong. That states have a duty to defend their
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a fifth century Bishop of Hippo. He is credited with building the foundation of Christian just war theory. He describes that individuals of Christianity do not have authority to resort to violence if only themselves or property are threatened. Though these Christians should be compelled to protect innocents who are being attacked. Even if it means sacrificing themselves in the process. Augustine’s just war teachings were developed from old Roman legal tradition. The right of authority is vested with
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targets in Afghanistan. The war had the backing of most just war theorists those who believe that wars must meet certain criteria before they can be deemed just. This essay will discuss various aspects of the causes and conduct of the U.S. wars in Iraq and Afghanistan and how they fit into established ethics of war in Western traditions. First‚ this analysis will deal with the justifications to go to war (jus ad bellum). While second‚ it will focus on the conduct of war (jus in bello). The analysis
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“War‚ what is it good for”? The lyrics to the 60’s pop song‚ provokes the question that Just War proponents and Pacifists have wrestled with throughout history‚ reaching opposite conclusions. Those in favor of Just War theory‚ say war is only good insofar as it is fought for the right reasons and brings about the right end. Whereas‚ Pacifists reject war completely‚ preferring peaceful means to resolve conflict. But which one is morally and ethically right? Which one should be adopted and practiced
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Outline the key concepts of Just War and Pacifism. A01 [21] The Just war theory maintains that war may be justified if fought only in certain circumstances‚ and only if certain restrictions are applied to the way in which war is fought. The theory that was first propounded by St Augustine of Hippo and St Ambrose of Milan ( 4th and 5th centuries AD) attempts to clarify two fundamental questions: ‘when is it right to fight?’ and ‘How should war be fought?’. Whereas Pacifists are people mainly Christians
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Cicero sought to define the prefect form of government. De Republica by Cicero certainly displays similarities to Plato’s approach— especially in that it is a discourse not only on politics but also about the good life. After abandoning the Epicurean notions which dictated one to"avoid mental agitation" Cicero would conclude that virtues sought by the sage can only be attainable through being reinforced by the power of justice and laws. Justice and law according to Cicero are necessary
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there has be war‚ it wasn’t always about a struggle over values‚ but where the victory of the winner‚ would be a human disaster for the loser. So Walzer‚ believed that in conditions of supreme emergency the violation of the normal freedom being expressed; by all the principle of discrimination is allowed in warfare between states although it’s with a heavy burden of guilt. Walzer established the belief of Just War as a tradition theory; where‚ even the good guys are not allowed to do just anything
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