WORKING PAPER Auditor Independence: An Examination Independence Risk Factors and Mitigating Factors on Auditor Judgment Barbara M. Vinciguerra Penn State Great Valley School of Graduate Professional Studies Auditor Independence: An Examination Independence Risk Factors and Mitigating Factors on Auditor Judgment Abstract Professional standards require auditors to be independent in the performance of attestation services. Critics of the accounting profession have expressed
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If one uses immoral ways to reach a goal‚ that goal becomes stigmatized by the ways used to reach it. Politician and philosopher Niccolo Machiavelli is known for coining the phrase‚ “Ends justifying the means” in his book The Prince. This quote leaves us with the question‚ “is it worth it to reach a goal no matter what you have to do to get there?” Machiavelli believed that wrong deeds can be justified simply by having a good purpose for those actions but his theory is flawed‚ because no matter the
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Internal Controls XACC/280 Whenever having a company‚ he or she must have the right aspects so that business can run as smoothly as possible. The existence where not having the company together as supposed to‚ then there are problems that can follow. Internal control is the safeguard of the assets and the accuracy along with able to rely on he or she’s accounting records and the guide to success is making sure that he or she follows the control principles. The two sentences before this is the
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Well‚ I suppose it’s better to talk about the reason we felt that we wanted to put an MRP II system in to start with. It started about 4 years ago I suppose we first started grappling with the problem of how to become more efficient and more effective in the future. I suppose that there were two driving forces. The first one was the need to contain costs and to make better use of the resources that we had. There was a shortfall in capacity. We have enough people‚ we have enough management resources
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P2- PRESENT COMPLEX INTERNAL BUSINESS INFORMATION USING THREE DIFFERENT METHODS APPROPRIATE TO THE USER’S NEEDS. By Amin Azar FINANCIAL RECORDS FOR JOHN LEWIS. Gross profit Net profit Fixed assets Current assets Liabilities Financial Highlights of John Lewis Performance Sales Sales are the activity within a business for the purchases of products and service. This is also the operating revenues that is earned by the company by selling their products or services. Last
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INTERNAL ACTORS (AND EMPLOYEE REPRESENTATIVES) Directors The most prominent group of actors in corporate governance are the company’s directors. They can be either executive or non-executives directors (NEDs); the numbers and split of executives to NEDs will partly depend upon the regulatory regime of the country. It is generally the case that investors and regulators prefer there to be more NEDs‚ as their independent scrutiny of the company‚ its controls
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The European Court of Auditors Introduction The European Court of Auditors is the fifth institution of the European Union (EU). It was established in 1975 in Luxembourg to audit the accounts of EU institutions. This report will cover 3 aspects which are history‚ organization and president. Then it will give some criticism about the declaration of assurance and the size of the court. History The Court of Auditors was created by the 1975 Budgetary Treaty and was formerly established on 1977-10-18
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Internal audit’s role in effective corporate governance advisory Internal audit’s role in effective corporate governance Internal audit’s role in effective corporate governance Recent events have highlighted the critical role of boards of directors in promoting effective corporate governance. In particular‚ boards are being charged with ultimate responsibility for the effectiveness of their organisations’ internal control systems. The internal audit function plays a key
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INTRODUCTION This case presents the actual family-business dilemma and identities have been changed to protect family privacy. The author’s opinions do not necessarily reflect the views of the Malaysian Institute of Accountants and this case was written for academic purpose only and the author disclaims any legal responsibilities. This report will be discussed more details about the issues that arise in the company. Those issues are about the leadership‚ management and also
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professional auditors in Uganda Auditing is the independent examination of financial statements and the underlying books of account so as to form an opinion on whether they are prepared in all material aspects in accordance with the financial reporting framework. Such reporting framework includes International Accounting Standards (IAS)‚ the Companies Act Cap 110 (for Uganda) and any other relevant legislation. This is however carried out by a person termed as auditor. Internal Audit‚ Internal audit
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