Costing Systems Introduction After completing the “Broadening Your Perspective” communication activity in chapter 17 in Accounting: Tools for business decision making‚ the author was able to determine what strategy Super Bakery‚ Inc. used to make their business run in a more efficient manner. In this essay‚ the author discusses why Super Baker’s management felt it necessary to install an activity-based costing (ABC) system. The author shares whether or not he agrees on the reasoning of this decision
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JOB COSTING JOB COSTING Cost object is a unit or multiple units of a distinct product or service called a job. Product or service is A single unit such as: 1.Specialised machine done at Hitachi. 2.A construction project managed by L & T. 3.Advertising campaign produced by Saatchi and Saatchi. Multiple identical unit such as: 1.Agni missile for Ministry of Defense manufactured by HAL. JOB COSTING SERVICE SECTOR JOB COSTING MERCHANDISING SECTOR - Audit engagements done - Special promotion of
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Marginal Costing Introduction The Cost of a product of comprises of materials‚ labour‚ and over heads. On the basis of variability they can be broadly classified as fixed and variable costs. Fixed costs are those costs which remain constant at all levels of production within a given period of time. In other words‚ a cost that does not change in total but become. Progressively smaller per unit when the volume of production increases is known as fixed cost. it is also called period cost eg. Rent
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of Target Costing 1 1.2 Historical Background 2 1.3 Objectives of Target Costing 3 2 Target Costing Principles 4 2.1 Price Led Costing 4 2.2 Customer Focus 4 2.3 Design Focus 5 2.4 Cross-Functional Involvement 5 2.5 Life Cycle Cost 5 3 Distinguishing Target Costing from Traditional Cost Management 6 4 Setting up a Target Costing Management 8 4.1 Fundamental Work 8 4.2 Systems of Managing Target Costing 8 4.3 Principles of Target Costing 9 4.4 Procedures of Target Costing 9 4.5 Risk
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Absorption Costing Absorption costing is a method of costing that assigns a small percentage of production and overheads costs to the price of each product that is going to be sold. It accounts for all costs‚ direct and indirect‚ fixed and variable. For example; if 1000 products are made and the total costs are £10000 then each product would cost £10 before making a profit (10000/1000=10). Variable costs are costs that can be controlled by management or a sales worker. Whereas fixed costs are
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Activity-Based Costing ABC Company produces two products: Product A and Product B. Recently appointed management decided to change from a unit-based‚ traditional costing system to an activity-based costing system. The following data have been gathered‚ to assess the effect of the change: Product type Quantity Prime Costs Machine Hours Material Moves Setups Product A 60‚000 €150‚000 3‚500 6‚800 800 Product B 15‚000 € 30‚000 2‚750 1‚200 450 Expenditures (€) €180‚000 €120‚000
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MARGINAL COSTING Introduction Even a school-going student knows that profit is a balancing figure of sales over costs‚ i.e. Sales - Cost = Profit. This knowledge is not sufficient for management for discharging the functions of planning and control‚ etc. The cost is further divided according to its behavior‚ i.e.‚ fixed cost and variable cost. The age-old equation can be written as: Sales - Cost = Profit or Sales - (Fixed cost + Variable Cost) = Profit. The relevance of segregating costs
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Process costing Process costing is a system which mostly practices by a company whereby the manager of the company wants to know the cash flow from one department to another. Process costing give a clarify information to managers‚ therefore this activities is very important. Process costing is consisting of three ingredients which are direct materials‚ direct labor and manufacturing overhead. Direct material is the raw material which needs to produce a product‚ for example rubber for shoes‚
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Normal costing is used to value manufactured products with the actual materials costs‚ the actual direct labor costs‚ and manufacturing overhead based on a predetermined manufacturing overhead rate. These three costs are referred to as product costs and are used for the cost of goods sold and for inventory valuation. Standard costing values its manufactured products with a predetermined materials cost‚ a predetermined direct labor cost‚ and a predetermined manufacturing overhead cost. These standard
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Product Identification Costing Sheet I have a dish of grilled lamb chops with tomatoes and olives‚ honey lime carrots‚ and roasted red potatoes with garlic and rosemary. After costing out every item in the recipe I got a subtotal of $104.56. Once I introduced a Q-factor of 3% into the costing‚ I came up with a subtotal with Q-factor of $107.70. My yield of the dishes is 10 plates‚ so taking the subtotal with a Q-factor and dividing it by 10‚ makes it $10.77 per dish‚ then add in a dollar for extra
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